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riiulUgidpiUL 

Sciences 
Coipordtion 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRliT 

WfBSTER.N.Y.  I4SS0 

(716)  •73-4303 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Conadlan  Institute  fof  HIatorical  Mlcroraproductlons  /  Institut  Canadian  da  microraptoductlons  historlquaa 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  at  bibliographiques 


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la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

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dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  ■-<«-  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc,  peuvent  dtre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtra 
reproduit  en  un  saul  cliche,  il  4st  Ulmi  &  partir 
de  I'anglff  supArieur  gauche   de  gauche  h  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

PETER  PARLEY 

Going  to  tell  about  Geography. 


Take  care  there !  take  care  boys  !  if  you  run  against  my  toe, 
I'll  not  tell  you  another  story  ! 


// 


J 


PETER  PARLEY'S 


METHOD  OF 


TELLING  ABOUT 


GEOGRAPHY 


TO 


CHILDREN. 


WITH  NINE  MAPS  AND  SEVENTY-FIVE  ENGRAVINGS. 

/f^NCIPALLY  FOR  THE  USE  OF  SCHOOLS 


I 

'3 


BURLINGTON  : 
CHAUNCEY  GOODRICH. 

HARTFORD : 

H.   AND    F.  J.  HUNTINGTON. 
1830. 


DISTRICT  OP  MASSACHUSETTS,  TO  WIT : 

BE  IT  REMEMBERED,  That  on  the  nmnt^nfT,  i       r  *      -Ow/nc/  Clerk's  Ofice. 
fonrU,  year  of  Uie  Independence  of  tl  Uni^  sS   r  7  ^^ A^'^^  A.  D.  1829,  in  the  fifty- 
said  district,  has  deposited  in  tWs  office  the  titl^r     »^'"u^  ^"""^^  «•  Goodrich,  of  the 
proprietor,  in  the  words  following  to  ^^       '"^'  °^  ^  ^^'  '^^  "^^t  whereof  he  cldaL  a^ 

In  confi,rmity  tothe  A^ctS^^^       ""^  telling  about  Geography  to  Children." 

Act,  supplementary  to  an  Act  ontitlPfl   nn  A./V     .u  '      ^nd  also  to  an  Act,  entitled  "An 

the  copies  of  Mapsf  Charts,  and  S  ^  ^hl  .?'  ^"'^"'•agement  of  Learning,  by  ^curin^ 
the  Umes  therein'mention^  and  ,S  '  tl^.  Lnpt"  H  '"'V  ^''T™^^''^  «^  «"^''  copL  during 
and  etching  historical  aid  other  prS."^  '^  '^"'^"'  ''''''"°^^''  ^''^  ^'•^  of  designing.^ngraving; 

r.,   7    .  .     JNO.  W.  DAVIS, 

^^^rk  of  ths  District  of  Massaclmselts. 


%  \ 


*'%•     .  V 


£». 


'     V 


PREFACE. 


rk'g  Office. 
29,  in  the  fifty- 
oodrich,  of  the 
f"  he  clauiis  as 


thepncouras'6- 
itho!  s  and  piro 
I  entitled,  "  An 
?,  by  securing 
♦"opies,  durintf 
ig,  engraving, 

AVIS, 

ssadiuselts. 


.» 


The  author  of  this  httle  book,  has  sought  to  give  to  a  work  designed 
principally  for  the  use  of  schools,  the  attractive  qualities  of  books  of  amuse- 
ment. As  fiction  derives  its  interest  from  its  resemblance  to  truth,  I  can  see 
no  reason  in  the  nature  of  the  case,  why  matters  of  fact  may  not  be  pre- 
sented in  a  guise  to  captivate  youth,  as  well  as  matters  of  imagination. 
One  of  the  principal  sources  of  interest  in  the  inimitable  ta^e  of  Robinson 
(>rusoe,  IS  the  appearance  of  reality  which  the  author  has  thrown  over  the 
narrative.  Now  if  fiction  thus  borrows  its  attractions  from  truth,  why  is  it 
necessary  to  deal  so  largely  in  fiction  in  the  instruction  of  youth  ?  Perhaps 
the  sarcasm  of  the  player    to  the  preacher,  «  we  represent  fiction  as  if  it 

IZJ!  i^fnJr  "^IT^  ^?^^?^  'i  '^  "^^'^  ^^^^^"'"  ''  applicable  to  this 
■subject     The  cold  and  formal  style  of  most  books  of  juvenile  knowledge 

K'ffioX^Se^^^^^  '"'"^  P""^^^^"'  ^'"^^'^  ''  ^^^--'^' 
^  In  the  present  work,  I  have  ventured  to  treat  a  subject  usually  presented 
Zfv7oZT\'^!''T'-  '"}.  ^  ««"»T¥t  colloquial  manner,  taking  often  a 
^h?,7"nni^  in  ^f^""^^  '"  ^^'^  "'"  of  phraseolog>,  in  th.  method  of  illustra- 
severrHm^.  hf  '^''^"f"'^^*  f^  ^^^^^'.  I  have  not  hesitated  to  repeat 
several  times  the  same  thing,  whenever  it  might  better  suit  my  purpose 

in^^^pTT/'  "^orethan  almost  any  other  youthful  study,  deals  in  visible 
^?^  M  -^^  ^^'^  ^^  ^he  most  active  of  the  senses,  and  a  larcre  amount 
^>tfTm'f  J'r'''^"' ^'\'^^"  ^'^"'^^^-  J'^^  this  reason.  Geography  is 
^  conZf  PnH'>  T''  ""^^'l  '*"^^?  ^""^  '^'^^^^"-  '^hey  are  solne^  able 
h^rlTp  nril^""^  '^'  ^V^^  ^^^y  ^^^^y  P^'^^^^^  i««re  ideas  and  more  know- 
mf  Tn  T''^'''  'f^'^'^'A  }^  '"^^  ^^P*^'  ^  '^  P^ese^H  than  of  other  sub- 
flowina  .nH  .f  ^?^^«' ^^ildren  have  ideas  of  hills,  mountains,  water,  both 
of  mpn  H  V'^'TS^  ^•'^'''"'^  ^'"^  dimension,~of  forms  and  shapes,- 
01  men  and  their  differences  of  action,  figure  and  complexion,-of  the 


Vi 


PREFACE. 


i  II 


instance,  are  formed.  They  dso  SeXrt  V"'^''"''"'?  ■"■  grammar,  for 
l-e  onging  to  the  former,  much  sooner  than  ^hn«^'?  and  modes  of  speecJv 
.  It  IS  this  adaptation  of  GeoSiv  to  e  rlv^f ,  *'''^"S'"^'°  *e  latter. 
«  into  almost  universal  use,  ^^  ^?i^  Idv  L  IT'"'''  '^^  »>»«  ''^"gl't 
li.ske  It  a  still  fitter  subject  fo>  this  nur^os/hv  Jv'''""^',!-  J  '"'^«  »ught  to 
manner  of  its  exhibition  to  ch  K  7nd  Av  n^  "l?  *^  '^"S"age  and  the 
the  purposes  both  of  illustratliSn  and  associS       '"^  "™«™"^  <="««  ^^ 

ing  to^mToCtdl'oVaTofr^liX'^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^  «  conform- 
better  is  furnished,  I  offe?  tWs  to  nS^  nnH  .  '"f"'  ■""  ""'"  something 
fnends  may  find  it'arausing  and  ZSe         "''"'''  ^""^  ''"P"  '"y  «"'« 

or.porniKinTj[r .rW^^^^^^^^^^  "-y-f  of  occasional 

ful  heart.    Tlie  heart  is  as  capable  Tltnl  .»f  ^.'^'*'"^'P''"  *«  yuth- 
l-appmess  depends  much  moreiroon  H,rf.^  'aught  as  the  intellect,  and 
upon  the  cuWvation  of  the  mTnd  "^^  Yefl  ?emP,l?^^  "^'"  cultivation  than 
IS  too  often  neglected ;  for  wh"le  the  tntiw,  I   "if- """?'  P""  of  chMren 
«Ien,  the  source  of  feeling  aTd  sentfme"  Us  Ut^ift  ^^^^  '*"  «  ^'"y  §»■•- 
eon.sequently  shoots  up  into  wild  irr^^    J  ,„h     '^'^. "  ""> '"  ^^e^s,  and 
passions.    The  sooner  the  Senile  Si  '  ""'1  ^wnefmes  over-masterin- 
«".!  genial  influences  Krovi^humTi.v'  ""f^^P  ^"^^  «"«  g«»"« 
A  principal  thing  to  be  aimed  at  on?i,i»  i^v    J^'*"^  '■''''g'on.  *e  better, 
tioa  to  the  character  of  tW  whoml^^  !,!?■'■'''''' f,'°.«''''P'  ""o™!  w^tn'c- 
10  avoid  M^earying  and  di?Ctinfl^rilHrin^-.r'^  '"  •"'"'^'"'  ^n^  ''arefnUv 
admonition.  ^""^'''"'^'^^"^'"hunsmtable  and  unseasonable 

P.  P. 


I 


CONTENTS. 


Lesson  I. 

II. 
III. 
IV 

V. 
VI 
VII 
VIII. 
IX. 

X. 
XI. 

xn 

XIII 
XIV 
XV. 
XVI. 
XVII 
XVIII. 
XIX 
XX. 
XXI 
XXII. 
XXIII. 
XXIV. 
XXV. 
XXVI. 
XXVII. 
XXVIII. 
XXIX. 
XXX. 
XXXI. 
XXXII. 
XXXIII. 
XXXIV.- 
XXXV.- 
XXXVI.- 
XXXVII.- 
XXXVI II.- 
XXXIX.- 
XL.- 
XLL- 
XLII.- 
XLIIl- 
XIJV.- 
XLV.- 


General  Description  of  tho  Earth, 
•General  Divisions  of  the  World, 
General  Divisions  continued, 
-How  Nations  and  Countries  differ, 
,— How  the  Animals  and  Vegetables  of  Countries  Differ, 
, — Various  Matters  and  Things, 
— Parley  Tells  of  his  Travels,         , 
, — Parley's  Travels  Continued, 
, — Parley  Tells  of  Africa  and  Asia, 

■Al)out  Maps.— Western  Hemisphere, 
, — Western  Hemisphere, 
, — Maps-Continued. — Eastern  Hemisphere, 
— About  the  situation  of  Countries, 
, — Map  of  North  America, 
— Q,uestions  on  the  Map, 
— Nortli  America,  .        , 

-Map  of  South  America, 

-Q,uestions  on  tlie  Map, 

-South  America,    , 

-HLstory  of  America,    . 

-America,       .... 

-About  Europe,      .        .        , 

-Questions  on  the  Map, 

-Alxjut  Europe,      .        .        , 

-History  of  Europe, 

-Map  of  Asia, 

-Quostions  on  the  Map  of  Asia, 

-Asia,  Continued, 

-Asiatic  Islands, 

-History  of  Asia, 

-History  of  Asia,  Continued, 

-History  of  Asia,  Continued, 

-History  of  Asia,  Continued, 

-History  of  Asia,  Continued, 

-Map  of  Africa,     . 

-Questions  on  the  Map  of  Africa, 

-Africa,         .... 

-African  Islands, 

-History  of  Africa,         ,        , 

-New-Holland, 

■Various  Matters  and  Things, 

-Parley  tells  about  Civilization, 

-Government,        .        ,        , 

•Religion,   .... 

-Conclusion,    ,   ,   , 


11 

12 

15 

16 

13 

19 

21 

23 

24 

25 

27 

28 

29 

31 

32 

33 

38 

39 

40 

42 

49 

51 

52 

53 

61 

69 

70 

70 

77 

79 

81 

83 

85 

87 

89 

90 

91 

96 

97 

101 

i03 

1(M 

loa 

109 
114 


IM    \ 


Hi 


^1 


INTRODUCTORY  LESSON.       " 

_^  Queationa  to  my  little  Reader. 

What  place  do  you  live  in  ? 

Is  it  a  town  or  a  city  yon  live  in? 

What  is  a  town ?    Whatisacitv? 

Which  way  is  North 7     Which  South? 

Which  way  is  East?    Which  West? 

Have  you  ever  been  in  any  other  town  or  city  than  the  one  you  live  in? 

If  you  have,  what  was  the  name  of  that  town?        "^  °"«  y^"  "vein? 

In  going  \o  that  town,  which  way  did  you  go  ? 

What  town  lies  next  the  place  in  which  yoS  live,  on  the  north? 
What  town  is  next,  on  tiit  east? 

What  next,  on  the  west? 

What  next,  on  the  South? 

What  County  do  you  live  in? 

Do  you  know  what  a  County  is? 
What  State  do  you  live  in  ? 

wS'^''^-'S'^''°^^'r^^^P^^<^«yo"livein?  '        ' 

Which  way  is  New- York? 
Which  way  is  Hartford? 

Which  way  is  Philadelphia? 

Ilave  you  ever  seen  a  river? 

J|[  you  have,  what  was  it  called  ?   .  . 

Will  you  describe  a  river  ? 

Have  you  ever  seen  a  mountain?    . 

If  you  have,  what  was  it  called? 

Describe  a  mountain  ?  •• 

Did  you  ever  see  the  sea,  or  ocean?  '       ' 

What  is  the  sea,  land  or  water  ? 

Is  the  land  smooth  and  level,  like  the  water?  * 

Are  towns  built  on  the  water,  or  on  the  land  1 

Where  is  the  sky?    Where  are  the  stars ? 

IJp  you  known  what  the  shape  of  the  world  is? 
Ijm  you  ever  hear  of  England? 

Did  you  ever  see  anylx)dy  who  has  been  in  England? 
Dp  you  know  which  way  England  lies? 
IJid  you  ever  hear  of  Asia? 

Do  you  know  which  way  Asia  lies? 

Mmcting  him  how  to  do  so     Thp  nlE    ^',  """'j''''?"  "l?  PUP'I  »  >mable  to  answer,  by  in- 
ctumtances  of  pupils.  '"^  "l"^"""'  """  "^  <»  be  a  litUe  varied  to  suit  the  different  di- 


,  by  nrldressirji^ 
answer,  by  in- 
ic  different  cir- 


lf« 


Mill 


J) 


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cai-'M  WF  nx  T,T, 


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a. 


Sun 


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GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN W  _  ^ 


'«•.. 


LESSON  FIRST. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  EARTH. 

1.  Here  is  a  picture  of  the  World,  or  the  Earth  we 
live  upon.  It  is  round  you  see,  and  seems  to  swino-  in 
the  air  like  a  great  ball.  It  is  surrounded  by  the  hea- 
vens,  or  a  sky  and  stars. 

2.  The  surface  of  the  world  is  divided  into  land  and 
water,  as  you  will  see  by  the  picture.  Men  live  on 
the  land,  and  build  towns  and  cities  upon  it;  animals 
of  various  kinds  also  live  on  the  land ;  vessels  sail  on 
the  water,  and  fish  live  in  the  water. 

3.  Vessels  sail  around  the  world  on  all  sides  of  it  as  a 
fly  would  crawl  around  an  apple.  If  you  look  at  the 
picture,  you  will  see  vessels  sailing  in  various  directions 

4.  Men  and  animals  live  on  the  land  on  all  sides  of 
the  world.  They  have  a  sky  and  stars  above  them,  let 
them  be  m  what  part  of  the  world  they  may.  If  you 
were  to  go  to  Asia,  or  Africa,  or  any  other  country, 
there  would  still  be  stars  over  your  head . 

cJlllsf  ?loCrba?f  '^d"ZZ^^  t^'/T'  '^f  P'= V?  ^  "^"^^y  ^he  general  idea  that  tJ,e 

1* 


12 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


I 


5  Now  geography  is  a  description  of  the  world;  ittells 
lis  ot  Its  shape,  and  how  it  is  divided;  and  it  describe^^ 
the  men  and  ammals  that  live  upon  it.  Geography  is 
therefore  a  very  useful  and  interesting  study  ^    ^  ^  '^ 

1  am  now  gomg  to  ask  you  some  questions  to  see  if 
you  remember  what  I  have  told  you. 

1  «r,    .  ,    ,  Questions. 

wu     !r         *"*P®  °^  ^^^^  w^""'*^  «•■  earth  1 
What  does  It  seem  to  swin?  in  the  air  like  1 
*l"a<'>8  the  earth  surrounded  liyl 

wr!*"'.'?  ^'"^  ^'"■'•'^^  "f  tJ^e  earth  divided  into'/ 
What  hve  on  the  land  1 
What  Bail  on  the  water  ? 
What  Hve  in  the  wcter  1 

3.  Ijjke  wluit  do  vessels  sail  around  the  earth  7 

W.  T?         *"""""  ^  ^'''*^  ""'y  «n  «"«  «de  of  the  world,  or  on  all  sides  of  it  1 
What  do  men  8e«  above  them,  in  all  ,H,rt8  of  the  world  7  ^  '^  ^ 

^J.'l''^' <j"^s  geography  tell  of  1 
Wliat  dot's  geography  deserilie  ? 

Is  geography  a  useful  Olid  interesting  study  1 


LESSON  SECOND, 

GENERAL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

A'  ^.'^  V.^^^  }^^^  y^"  ^'^^^  ^*^^  s^^'ace  of  the  earth  is 
aivided  mto  land  and  water. 

_  2.  The  land  is  uneven,  as  you  can  see  by  looking 

sorffi.     iim  use  of  an  (utificuU  globe  will  make  Mm  a  very  easy  mattcrr  """'"  "^  """"  '"  ''^''  '"* 


i;  it  tells 
escribes 
raphy  is 

to  see  if 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


arth  i 


IS 


ooking 

round,  and 
sily  Tc'ctiiv- 
te  the  pupil 

rii  t_^         .  . 
ilk  L>vi  lipi  Mj 


% 

3 


13 


around  upon  the  country.    There  are  mountains,  hills 
plains,  and  valleys  on  the  land. 

3.  Mountains  are  high  elevations  of  land :  they  are 
usually  rocky,  and  in  America  are  generally  covered 
with  trees :  sometimes  they  send  forth  fire  and  smoke 
at  their  tops,  and  then  they  are  called  volcanoes. 

4.  Hills  are  smaller  elevations  of  land.  Vallies  are 
low  portions  of  land,  usually  between  hills  and  moun- 
tains.    Plains  are  level  portions  of  land. 

5.  Here  is  a  picture  ot  a  mountain,  valley,  liill,  plain 
and  volcano.  ' 


Valley.       HilL 


Volcana 


6.  Large  portions  of  land  are  called  continents. 
America,  which  we  live  upon,  is  a  continent. 

7.  There  are  two  continents  on  the  world:  the  con- 
tinent ot  America,  or  Western  continent ;  and  the 
^as.em  contaieut,  on  which  are  Kurope,  Asia,  and 
Alrica,  about  which  I  shall  tell  you  bjr  and  by. 


I 


il 


M  Si    • 


n 


14 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


-'■'"T^'t^rssf^i^^^^^^ 


^■A 
^^m 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


15 


[d,  which 
iuent,  on 


th-Ame- 

'  world, 
e  white 


^e  with 
up  and 


What  are  there  on  the  land  1 

3.  What  are  mount-iins  1 
What  are  volcanoes  1 

4.  What  are  hills  ?    What  are  vallies  1    What  are  plains  1 

6.  What  are  called  cx)ntinents  ? 

7.  How  many  continents  are  there  % 
What  are  tt    ♦wo  continents  7 

8.  What  continent  do  we  live  upon  1 

What  is  the  northern  part  of  the  American  continent  called  1 
What  is  the  soutliern  prt  called  1 

9.  Are  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa,  called  the  Eastern  or  Western  contmenti 
What  large  island  is  tliere  near  the  Eastern  continent  1 

The  piipil  should  be  here  made  to  understand  that  two  nearly  opposite  sides  of  the  globe  are 
occupied  by  laiid,  and  tliat  vast  oceans  lie  between  the  land,  and  occupy  Uie  rest  of  the  surface  of 
tlie  globe.  "^ 


LESSON  THIRD. 

GENERAL  DIVISIONS  CONTINUED. 

1.  More  than  half  of  the  surface  of  the  world  is 
water.  Water,  as  you  probably  know,  is  smooth,  ex- 
cept when  the  wind  raises  w  aves  upon  it. 

2.  The  largest  portions  of  water  are  very  extensive 
and  are  called  oceans.  An  ocean  looks  blue  and 
boundless  like  the  sky.  Vessels  sail  around  the  world  on 
the  ocean,  as  you  have  seen  in  the  picture  facing  page  11. 

3.  The  ocean  is  sometimes  called  the  sea.  But  pro- 
perly speaking  a  sea  is  a  smaller  extent  of  water  than 
an  ocean,  and  is  nearly  surrounded  by  land.  I  shall 
tell  you  more  about  the  sea  by  and  by. 

4.  There  are  multitudes  of  fish,  of  various  forms  and 
sizes,  livmg  in  the  water.  The  largest  fish  are  whales ; 
some  whales  are  as  large  as  the  steeple  of  a  meeting- 
no  use. 


16 


kl     ■■: 


;    if 


If 

si   M 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN, 


r  \Yu,. ,.     ^ ,  Questions. 

.  Jl*«t  IS  properly  a  sen  7 
^•Yr,''^''^'"t'ie  water? 

What  arc  the  larfT.st  fish? 

How  large  are  some  wluilesi 


LESSON  FOURTH. 

"^^  NATIONS  AND  COUNTRIES  DIFFER. 

4  aHLTTir'"  P^^P''^  '^^  while  Tn  others 
countries  tl  p  ni    i  ''*''^^'  copper-coloured.     In  some 

coZtS  tTaTet^Sr""^'^  '^  '^"^^'  ^"  ''^^'^^ 

others  kk'nt  '"r*'^?^  *''"  '^"^'  •«  ^^'e»  cultivated,  in 
otheis  It  IS  a  waste  m  ilderness :  in  some  places  ih.  nno- 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


17 


B  alike  in 
±  in  dill 


i-frica,  or 
ople,  the 
differing 
u  see  in 

,  in  the 
liey  eat, 

'S. 

I  others 
ti  some 
1  otlier 

ited,  in 


pie  are  kind,  in  others  cruel.    In  some  lands  thev  wor 
SjTeSi"  "'"-"■«)'  worship  .he  s™,  are,  InC; 

6.  Here  are  some  pictures  which  show  you  how  verv 
differently  people  dress  and  appear  in  different  cou^tS 


One  of  these  pictures  represents  people  of  EnmnP  p„h 
one  represents  people  of  Asia.  t-urope,  and 

,  .'  Questions, 

1.  Arc  the  people  alike  in  all  parts  of  the  world  J 

.  ^re  the  pcoS!3  of  Xlnllr.' ^'"  ^' ^"^^^^ 

l^u  me  people  of  Qll  countries  worship  God  1 

2iS 


(1 1(1 

•i  it  V 


I 


m 


18 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


LESSON  FIFTH. 

HOW  THE  ANIMALS  AND  VEGETABLES  OF  COUNTRIES  DIFFER 

1.  Not  only  do  the  people  differ  in  different  countries, 
but  the  animals  also  are  very  various. 

2  Horses,  dogs,  cats,  mice,  and  some  other  animals 
are  found  m  almost  all  parts  of  the  world.  But  here 
IS  a  picture  of  the  Lion,  which  is  found  only  in  Africa 


and  Asia :  here  is  a  picture  of  the  White  Bear,  which 


is 


1^-  r 


1  • 


uiiiy  ioujia  in  tiie  nortiiern  part  of  North- America.        i 


ountries, 


animals, 
But  here 
in  Africa 


IT,  which 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN.  I9 

3.  Nor  do  countries  differ  only  in  respect  to  the  men 
and  annuals  that  mhabit  them.  The  trees,  plants  and 
flowers  of  one  country  differ  from  those  of  anotE 

coL    the  CfC-  *^^  ; /««th-America  produces 
cottee ,  the  West-Indies  produce  the  cane  from  which 
sugar  IS  made.    In  short,  the  productions  of  differrnt 
countries  are  as  various  as  the  people  or  the  animals 
in      .     , .r     .  .  Questions. 

1 .  Do  countries  differ  only  in  respect  to  the  people  7 

iiu  J  ^""'''\'^.^'"-?  ^""""^ '"  al"»«st  all  paits  of  the  worldl 
Wha  amnial  IS  found  only  in  ABia  and  Afrk«r 
Wha  IS  found  only  m  North-America  7 

3.  Are  the  trees,  plants,  and  flowers  of  all  countries  alike  1 

4.  W.at  plant  or  vegetable  does  China  prST 
What  pant  does  South-America  prodiicel 
What  plant  is  found  in  the  West-Indies  1 


LESSON  SIXTH. 

■  VARIOUS  MATTERS  AND  THINGS. 

face  of"i1,?  rTK*°*'i?'*'-'J  I"  ^^''^'''^  te™«  how  the  sur- 
face ot  the  earth  is  divided  into  land  and  wafPr   nn<i 

^Z  tTS-r^f '  ^"?  -^^tabL^Vanl;  'di£ 
JCranhvfn  fT*  "'™*'.'''-  ^^^  it  is  the  business 
2  tC^  V^"  ^""  particularly  of  all  these  things. 
hoL  M  f '^  ^^T  P^^'P'^  ""^^^  to  travel  very  far  from 
home'  niuw  ^^P^"  ^^^  ""^^^^ed  to  stay  at  home  or  nea^ 

3.  If  they  study  geography  they  can  know  a  great 


I 


_     *  I' 
1".  ''i  I: 

)  ! 


IP 


III 


20 


GEOGRAPHY  70R  CHILDREN, 


deal  about  other  countries,  although  they  never  visit 
them  A  person  who  has  never  been  out  of  hS^  o^ 
country  may  still  knoyv  how  the  people  look  and  JT 
and  feel  m  other  countries,  by  stu^ gVeoffrapSy       ' 

4.  I  know  several  little  boys  and  gfKRave 
never  been  farther  from  home  than  the  next  town  who 
can  tell  you  what  sort  of  people  live  in  Srious  pits 
of  Europe  what  animals  live  in  Africa,  S  pCs 
are  to  be  found  in  Asia,  and  many  other  things    ^ 

o.  Now  how  Jo  you  suppose  these  children  learnt 
these  thmgs?    Vhey  learnt  them  all  by  studyLg  ^eo 
graphy  And  I  hope  before  you  have  finished  thKok 
you  will  know  as  much  as  they.    I  hope  you  will  recol ' 

S  ''^*  '  ^r^.  *«'^  y'^"'  ''"t'  le«t  you  sCirforget  I 
will  put  It  into  rliyme,  and  you  ma/  learn  it  by  heart. 

GEOGRAPHICAL  RHYMES. 

TO  BE  HEPEATEP  BY  THE  PUPIL. 

Tlie  world  is  round,  and  like  a  ball 
Spcms  swinging  in  the  air, 
A  sky  extends  armnid  it  all, 
And  stars  are  shining  there. 
Water  and  land  upon  the  face 
Of  lliis  round  world  we  see. 
The  land  is  man's  safe  dwelling  place 
But  ships  sail  on  the  sea.  =■  ^      -, 

Two  mighty  continents  there  are. 
And  many  islands  too. 

And  mountains,  hills,  and  valleys  there, 

-. »^-T^.«.  UiuiiiQ   ne  ViCVV. 


lever  visit 
!*  his  own 
.  and  act, 
aphy. 
v^no  have 
)wn,  who 
ous  parts 
at  plants 
s. 

^n  learnt 
ing  geo- 
fiis  book, 
ill  recol- 
forget,  I 
f  heart. 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 

The  oceans,  like  the  broad  blue  skv, 
hxtend  around  the  sphere 

^^r'^f/f  u'  ^""^  ^^^^^'  ^^^d  rivers,  he 
Unfolded,  bright,  and  clear. 

Around  the  earth  on  every  side 

Where  hills  and  plains  are  spread, 

The  various  tribes  of  men  abide 
White,  black,  and  copper  red. 

And  animals  and  plants  there  be 

Of  various  name  and  form, 

And  m  the  bosom  of  the  sea 

AU  sorts  of  fishes  swarm. 

And  now  geography  doth  teU, 

Vt  these  full  many  a  story, 

And  if  you  learn  your  lessons  well, 

1 11  set  them  all  before  you. 


21 


i 
i 


^^  LESSON  SEVENTH. 

PARLEY  TELLS  OF  HIS  TRAVELS. 

1.  I  AM  now  going  to  tell  you  of  my  travels.    I  hnvp 

been  a  great  traveller,  and  have  beei  in  vur  ous  mrts 

of  the  world.    I  have  been  in  NeAv-York  and  PhUaSl 

ph,a  and  many  other  cities.    New-York  is  a  grea  dty 

It  IS  built  on  an  island ;  an  island  is  a  piece  of  land  sur ' 

are  manv  ntLo- pu:«„  .-.-  ^1  tt  ..  ,  ^"•^  ""«iiu.  xaere 
Dle-mTn7fn '^r-.  I"'  "i?  '^"•^'^^  "^^^tes,  which  it  is 
pleasant  to  visit,  such  as  Baltimore,  Charleston,  New- 


22 


iilP 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


ShPr?''  .^""""ati,  Boston,  and  Hartford,  and  many 
others.    I  have  seen  all  these  places.  ^ 

f.i'nf  f  *  delightful  thing  to  travel  about  and  see  dif- 
Jerent  places.  Every  town  and  city  presents  something 
new  and  mteresting.  But  I  recommend  it  to  people  no! 
to  travel  about,  till  they  can  well  afford  it,  and  not  to 
go  away  and  neglect  their  proper  business. 
4.  We  live  in  North-America.    You  will  see  North- 

willed  the  Umted  States.     All  the  places  I  have  men- 
tioned  to  you  above  are  in  the  United  States. 

Yon  w!n  r    v^"^^, ''  ^.S''^^*  ^^^^^''y'  *"a'-  to  the  South. 
You  will  see  it  on  the  picture  of  the  world  at  page  14. 

frlm^Xf  ""  S°"th-America  talk  a  different  language 
tToftLl^'d^ld"'"*'^-^""^^^  P^^'^'^^^  ^  ^'^^' 

suH".  ^ipin  f '^-  '°™o  ^'■^^*  ^^*'^^  i"  South-America, 
llvL!  ^'o-J^n'ero,  Buenos  Ayres,  &c.     Some  of  these 

there  .rp  f  ^^'  ^'  New-York.  In  South-America 
iZl  ZiF  '^^P^°*'  '''^  -'"^J^es,  called  Anacondas, 
home  ot  them  are  large  enough  to  crush  a  house. 

,  .  M    Y  ,    ,  Questions, 

I.  18  New-York  a  krse  or  small  DiaceJ 

Wliat  18  It  hiiilt  u|X)n  1  • 

■>  ^Di'i*  ^'"' !°.'K'"="=''y  in  lire  United  States? 
-.  IS  Plulailciphia  a  large  or  small  city  J 
What  can  you  say  of  the  streets  1 

a  I8  rpte^™'r„3°"  -^'"^  «  <^  U„M  StateB  which  U  is  pleasant  to  visit .  •- 

What  does  every  city  present  to  a  traveller  J  • 

4.  In  What  part  of  the  world  do  we  Uvel 


nd  many 

id  see  dif- 
omething 
eople  not 
nd  not  to 

;e  North- 
)untry  is 
sive  men- 

le  South. 

page  14. 

anguage 

a  great 

^Lmerica, 
!  of these 
A^merica 
icondas. 
se. 


ISlt'l 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


23 


What  is  our  country  called  ? 

6.  What  great  c.Mes  aie  tliere  in  South-America ? 
What  great  animals  are  there  m  South-America  1 


LESSON  EIGHTH. 

PARLEY'S  TRAVELS  CONTINUED. 

on  the  ocean.     But  when  tliP  wi^/i  w^       u  *  J°  ®^'' 
brokp!!fn^ •''^''^1'  ^^^  ^°^*  i»  the  ocean.     They  are 

t4  Sve  tae  STr*  ""I" "";"'' <'"«'• '"  Europe; 
t>.  There  are  several  kinffs  in  Enrnvfp     r  • 

sevprnl    I.: ,^   ^  ^"'S"  1"  Europe.      1         y    sftfltl 

and  bf.  ''"'^^  "'^''^"-    *  ^"^  te"  you  abou.  :Wby 


( 


:'    'J!! 


i     i 


24 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 

Qui 


^  lesUons. 

Where  is  Europe  1 

I.s  Eurojw  a  small  place? 

2.  What  lies  between  this  country  and  Europe? 
What  ocean  is  it  necessary  to  cross  to  go  to  Europe? 

3.  How  long  does  it  take  a  vessel  to  go  to  Europe  ? 
Is  it  always  pleasant  to  sail  on  the  ocean  ? 

4.  Are  many  vessels  lost  at  sea  ? 
What  happens  to  vessels  at  sea  ? 

5.  Are  there  many  countries  in  Europe  ? 
What  fine  things  have  dioy  in  Europe  1 

G.  Have  tliey  any  kings  in  Europe  ?         ' 


LESSON  NINTH. 

PARLEY  TELLS  OF  AFRICA  AND  ASIA. 

1.  There  is  a  very  extensive  country  which  lies  to 
the  southeast  of  us,  called  Africa.  You  will  see  it  on 
the  picture  at  page  14.  It  is  necessary  to  cross  tb 
Atlantic  Ocean  in  order  to  go  to  Africa. 

2.  The  people  of  Africa  are  principally  negroes. 
There  are  elephants  in  Africa,  and  ostriches  also.  Ele- 
phants are  the  largest  of  land  animals,  and  ostriches 
are  the  largest  of  birds.  They  cannot  fly,  but  they  run! 
as  fast  as  a  horse.  Their  eggs  are  as  big  as  a  child's  head  !| 

3.  Asia  is  also  to  be  seen  on  the  picture  at  page  Ml 
It  is  nearly  on  the  side  of  the  globe  opposite  tc  us,  aDdl 
a  person  by  going  a  great  distance  either  east  or  west, 
would  come  to  it.  If  you  will  take  an  apple,  and  stick 
a  pm  on  one  side  of  it,  and  then  another  on  the  opposite 
side,  one  jpiu  ^^^U  represent  the  situation  of  America,? 
and  the  otiiei  pi  i  ^  ill  represent  that  of  Asia. 


which  lies  to' 
will  see  it  on 
to  cross  the! 


ally  negroes, 
les  also.  Ele-| 
ind  ostrichesi 
but  they  runj 
child's  head!} 
e  at  page  14 J 
tte  to  us,  aT)q 
east  or  west,; 
)le,  and  stick 
the  opposite 
of  America, 
lia. 


WESTEJQT  HEMISFHEKE. 


'it' 


li  1  j:  H  ! 


MM 


•^"ii 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


25 


4.  The  Pacific  Ocean  lies  to  the  west  of  us,  between 
our  country  and  Asia.  It  is  a  vast  distance  to  Asia. 
It  takes  a  vessel  four  or  five  months  to  sail  to  Asia. 

5.  Asia  IS  a  great  country.  There  are  more  people 
m  Asia  than  m  all  the  rest  of  the  world.  The  people 
m  Asia  are  generally  dark  coloured. 

6.  We  get  tea  from  Asia,  as  I  have  told  you  before. 
We  also  get  beautiful  silks  from  Asia  which  are  brought 
m  ships.  1  ig-ers  are  found  in  Asia ;  they  are  beautiful  but 
iierce  animals  that  fight  dreadful  battles  with  the  lion. 

Questions,  • 

1.  What  pxtensive  country  lins  to  the  southeast  of  us) 
\>  hat  cK:eau  is  it  necessary  to  cross  to  go  to  Africa  ? 

Wh '♦      •    ".  ^'^"''^  "'■•'.  ^'"^  {"■'"'^ipal  inhabitants  of  Africa  1 

>Jlmt  animals  arc  there  in  Africa?  -  * 

3.  \\  here  is  Asia  situated  1  ] 

Hmv  cun  you  sliow  how  Asia  and  America  are  situated  on  Uie  dobe  ? 

4.  >\  lint  ocean  h<-s  to  die  west  of  us  ?  ^ 

Is  it  far  to  Asia?  *      Ji      . 

How  long  does  it  take  n  vessel  to  sail  to  Asia?  '     *  ^  d 

e.  Is  Asia  a  large  or  small  country  1  .  m 

g  W  '.     ?  '!•'■  '"■  '::''"l''^^^»»"  of  the  people  of  Asia? 

0- ^Iwt  do  we  got  from  Asia?  ' 

What  auirnald  are  found  in  Asia?  ^ 


V 

/ 


s. 


LESSON  TENTH. 


ABOUT  MAPS.— WESTERN  HEMISPHERE. 

1.  I  MUST  now  tell  you  about  maps.  Maps  are  pictures 
or  representations  of  the  surface  of  tlie  earth.  I'li,.  v  re- 
present the  shape  of  continents,  islands,  oceans,  seks 


i 


^^  ''^^""^rHV  FOR  CHILDREN. 

lakes  rivers  &e      r^^ 

deal  from  ^^ps''     ^^"^-q^ently  you  can  learn  a  ^reat 

Ifr  SturntLlT4  v1'^  %  '^'-^^^  «^  ^^e  world 

of  the  land  is  the  So  it  IZ  "^'^  '''  '^'^'  the  shape 

Ii"s  side  of  the  worid    s  !"n  'T^P  '^^  '»  t^'e  picture 

•"'Mere.     It  includeras  vo"  .      .f  *''^   ^^'<^slern/}Zl 

:|u«  Of  .,.e  A«.:.Ks;trxf ^ri 

.    '^-  ^  Piace  that  is  nnrf h  ^r  ^i 

;»  "orth  latitude;  1  place  sou  t%'T/'''*«^  ''^  '^'^^  to  be 
'?»ieni  south  lat  tud^      A  ?     "^  the  equator  is  sa^ 
f'^ty-nine  miles.     A  plate  1^'?- "'  ^^^''ade  is  aboT 
•lorth  latitude  is  abn„f    •     /''^'^^''ore  in  10  de-reeVnr 
"orth  of  the  e,;:tt"'  ^"  ''""'^^'^  -d  nin^^^'X 

"•  Ine  north  pole  i«  th^         ^ 
earth;  the  south^not't  S!  "««.*  "^''them  part  of  iU. 

""-  '"  "'^  "lost  southern  part.  "" 


^ 


^  a  great 

he  world, 
t'ie  shape 
e  picture. 
'^^  ffcmi^ 
>f  Arneri- 
ftJiePa- 

m  south, 
^ee  vari- 

d  down 
east  or 

^dc,  and 
e  eqiia- 
ddJe  of 
^rn  and 

1  to  be 

is  said 

about 

•ees  of 

niiles 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 

Questions. 

1.  >\  iiat  are  maps? 

What  do  maps  represent  1 

2.  What  d,je8  the  map  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  inchidc? 
8.  \\h.'itpartofamapisNorth'?     East?     West?    South? 

H  hat  do  the  hnes  up  and  down  a  map  mean  ? 

What  IS  longitude  1 
4.  VVhat  do  the  lines  that  go  across  a  map  mean? 

VV  hat  IS  latitude  ?  * 

What  is  the  equator  ? 

Into  what  does  the  equator  divide  the  earth? 
6.  In  what  latitude  is  a  place  north  of  the  equator  said  to  be  ? 

If  a  place  is  south  of  the  equator  in  what  latitude  is  it  said  to  be? 

How  many  mdes  is  a  degree  of  latitude  ?  i  bbiu  w  oe  f 

How  far  is  10  degrees  of  north  latitude  from  the  equat>r  1 

i.ri      ^^       "'"'^^  northern  part  of  the  world  ? 

What  is  tlie  most  southern  part? 


27 


Ck 

V42V 


LESSON  ELEVENTH. 

I  AM  now  going  to  ask  you  some  questions,  the  an- 
swers to  whicli  you  must  find  on  the  map  of  the  Wes- 
tern Hemisphere.  f  ^    ^^ 

^^tCCSftOf)  ^ 

THE  PUPIL  SHOULD  HAVE  THE  MAP  nEFORE  HIM  WHEN  HE  ANfiwr»« 

What  continent  is  on  the  map  of  tlie  Western  Hemisphere?  ANSWERS. 

Into  what  two  great  portions  is  America  divided  ? 

*''lmS^,"''""'=''  '^'""'^  '"  "o"^  «  ""*  '■"!'"<•«'   An,  U.ey  ea«  or  we«  of  NorU. 

Wliere  are  Bcrrings  Straits? 

What  two  countries  are  separated  by  Herrings  Straits  1 

Wmt  hue  or  parallel  of  latitude  crosses  New-Ze„lar.d? 

Where  is  the  island  of  Newfoundland? 

Whwltn '^  -^  N^'w-Zenland  in  north  or  soutl,  latitude  1 

>JhKh  way  18  Cape  Horn  from  the  island  of  New-Zealand  1 
Which  way  are  the  SandwirhlBlnnd«.v kI  r-v-.^-r' w     .     . 

Which  way  is  Cape  Hurn  from-Newfoundiand r""  "  '"''^'"^ ' 

V>  hich  way  arc  Uic  West-Indies  from  Uie  island  of  Juan  Fernandez  1 


28 


lif  f 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


LESSON  TWELFTH. 

-  "AP.-CONT.NUED.-E.STERN  HEMISPHERE. 

and  loH,..ae,  t,.e  e^uXt^aMVi^r/nS^^^ 
Eastern  HeinisSe!  ^       '^  '^  *''"  '"«P  «f  the 

2.  Wl.nr  iJr,-,    J  co'intncs  are  on  one  continent? 

Is  A»,u  nortl,  „r  south  „f  the  enuolorl 

J>  hut  ocean  hes  east  of  Asia?    ""*"  *'"'^°P« ' 

What  .Mhnnw  connects  Africa  with  Asia  1 
W  r  "'■'  \'"^  i\'.^'y  Monnt..ins7  ''"' 
>Vlicre  are  the  Uimmaleh  Mouiitaixw] 


E  ASTURJiT  BEMISPHERB. 


RE. 

pliere,  which 
eat  island  of 
s-  Europe, 
)ntinent. 
s  of  latitude 
1  and  south 

ch  you  can 
^'dp  of  the 


iiinca?     Sumatra  1 


I 


T- 


m 


1! 

1     i     : 
1 

n 
lo 


If 


u.ii 


J I 


IfH^ 


1 

■■ 

GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


29 


What  country  lies  near  the  north  polel 
What  islands  lie  near  the  equator  1 
Where  is  China"? 

Between  what  lines  of  latitude  is  the  island  of  Formosa  1  New-Guinea  1  Java  7   Philinnine 

Islands?    St.  Helena?    Van  Diemen's  Land  1 

Between  what  lines  of  longitude  is  die  island  of  St.  Helena  1     Van  Diemen's  Londl 

Philippine  Islands  1 

Whatlmeof  longitude  runs  through  Java?    Borneo?    New-Guinea?    Sumatra? 
Which  way  is  St.  Helena  from  New-Holland  ?   The  Philippine  Islands  from  Pormoea  ? 
xxr^^u^  New-Gmnea?    The  Cape  of  Good  Hope  from  tlie  Mediterranean  Sea  ? 

W  hich  way  is  Madagascar  from  Japan  ?    New-Holland  from  Europe  ?     New-Holland  from 
the  isthmus  oi  Suez  ?    Van  Diemen's  Land  from  Cape  of  Good  Hope  ? 


LESSON  THIRTEENTH. 

ABOUT  THE  SITUATION  OF  COUNTRIES. 

I  SHALL  now  ask  you  some  questions ;  if  you  cannot 
Inswer  them,  you  must  get  some  one  to  assist  you  to 
\o  so.  Perhaps  your  parents,  or  your  brothers  and 
pters,  or  some  of  your  little  friends,  or  your  teacher, 
all  do  it.  You  must  never  be  ashamed  to  ask  for  in- 
[ormation. 

Questions. 

Point  your  finger  toward  the  Eastern  Continent. 

Which  is  most  northerly,  Europe  or  South-America  ? 

Which  is  farthest  south,  New-Holland  or  the  United  States  of  America? 

If?  New-Holland  east  or  west  of  where  we  live  ? 

What  country  is  nearly  opposite  to  us  on  the  globe  ? 

Point  your  finger  toward  China.     Toward  New-HoUand.     Toward  Europe.     Toward 

Aft-icii.    Toward  Asia.    Toward  Souih-America. 
If  you  were  going  to  Europe,  how  should  you  go  ?    In  what  direction  should  you  go  1 


80 


■  ill 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


THE  p.„„.  .,  ^,  "T  "'"  """"^'^^  °«  ^^«HERa 

pass  through  a  part  of  ti 
NORTH. 


CO 


W 
en 


Thef        •  SOUTH. 


^. 


IS. 


Pjl  .understand  the  pror 

rtraight  line  is  nearly  und 

"pl%^^«fi'^eratLt 
pass  Uirough  a  part  of 


Wit  on  the  flow, 
low  the  countries  Ue 


J 


ill 


MH 


li 


I 


1!  II 1 


KAMBUrCA. 


m 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


31 


LESSON  FOURTEENTH.  r*^   ^ . 

MAP  OF  NORTH-AMERICA.  '     '" 

1.  Here  is  a  Map  of  North-America.  You  will  ob- 
Tve  lines  formed  of  small  dots  on  the  map.  These 
•e  called  boundaries,  and  show  the  divisions  between 
ifferent  countries.     The  small  circles,  like  the  letter 

show  where  large  towns  are. 

2.  The  principal  countries  of  North-America  are 
reenland,  British  America,  the  United  States,  Mexico 

|nd  Guatimala.  ' 

3.  The  principal  Islands  are  Newfoundland,  Cuba 
t.  Dommgo,  and  Jamaica— these  three  last,  with  other 
lands  near  them,  are  called  the  West-Indies.     Thev 
re  between  North  and  South-America. 

4  The  largest  rivers  are  the  Missouri,  Mississippi, 
nd  St.  Lawrence.  There  are  many  other  rivers,  such 
s  the  Connecticut,  Hudson,  Merrimack,  &c.  which  are 
ot  on  this  map. 

5.  The  principal  lakes  are  Slave,  Winnipeg,  Superior, 
ichigan,  Huron,  Erie,  and  Ontario. 

6.  The  principal  ranges  of  mountains  are  the  AUe- 
•hanies.  Rocky  Mountains,  and  Cordilleras. 

'^\  "^^^  P^^^^ipal  towns  or  cities  are  Boston,  New- 
ork,Phdadelphia,  Washington,  Baltimore,  Charleston, 
mcmnati,^and  New-Orleans,  in  the  United  States; 
lue^ec  and  Montreal,  in  Canada;  Mexico,  in  Mexico: 
avana,  in  Cuba ;  Guatimala,  in  Guatimala. 


w 


32 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


1 


fornia^'''  P™''^''  ^^^'  ^'^  '^'""^  «f  Mexico  and  Cali- 
9.  The  principal  bays  are  Baffin's  and  Hudson's. 

»* nat  do  small  circloR  lilcp  tim  i.,tf„..        "S""y  > 
o-  '''lilt  are  the  r)nrir  (I'll  «o]....r4„       xi        ■" -f»""  ricn  f 


I 


LESSON  FlFTEExNTH. 


t       .       ,.       .  QUESTIONS  ON  THE  MAP 

M  Lore  IS  &,«  ParewclH    Cape  St  I,n™ ,    n       T,'"""'''"    ^"'""mial  ^' 

Int..  „mt  pm- docs  the  river  Mfiislp™^^ 
In ..  what  ri,er  d,«s  the  Missouri  en2 1 

lnt.Mvhat  ptlf  does  the  St.  UwrenlSI;™  J 
B;:4X ft:°/'l3lfiS:„t\^;t°"^^^^^  ^I'T  /r  '*'™'    Tt..  Island  off 

Vancouver's  Island?  ine  Facihc?    The  Canbbeon  Sea?    Columbia  Rivor? I 


In  Guatimalal 


leboc  ?     Savannah  ? 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREx^. 
LESSON  SIXTEENTH. 

NORTH  AMERICA. 


33 


Native  Indians  of  Nortli  America. 

1.  I  am  now  going  to  tell  you  about  some  of  the 
30UDtries_that  you  have  seen  on  the  map. 

2.  Greenlaud  is  a  very  cold 
country.  Many  of  the  hills  and 
mountains  are  ahvays  covered 
with  ice.  It  is  a  desolate  and 
dreary  land,  producing  miserable 
trees  and  shrubs.  The  people 
are  short,  indolent,  and  weak,  and 
are  said  not  to  be  very  neat  in 
their  mode  of  living.  They  live 
principally  on  the  flesh  of  seals, 

tiic    BKiiis  oi    vvliirii    iimiiP    rn*:»ir 


Inhabitants  of  Greenland 


-i^*3■l5'-'p^/;•.H#  5 


li, , 


1   ''■:. 
1   ' 


0 


Mi» 


34 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN, 


x^ewioundland,    Nova-Scotia,    and   New-Brunswick 


View  of  duebec,  Ihc  largest  town  in  BriUsh  America. 


The  people  of  tliis  country  are  English   Scntrh  .J 

French  and  their  descendants.     TlSf^e  all  ^?m 

.ativc  Irdians  in  this  territory.    It  is  extremely  c^ij 

here  in  winter,  and  very  warm  in  summer.  ^ 


cli 
Jt> 

N( 
T( 
no 

lat 

py 

I'ul 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


View  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington. 

4.  The  United  States  are  24  in  number.  Tlieir 
names  are  Maine,  Nevv-Hampsliire,  Vermont,  Massa- 
•  Imsetts,  Rliode  Island,  Connecticut,  New- York  New. 
^.Tsey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia 
IVor  h  Caroima,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Kentucky; 
Icnnessee,  Ohio,  Lomsiana,  Indiana,  Mississippi  lUil 
nois,  Alabama,  Missouri.  n  >    "• 

1   ^j  '^'m.  ""^^  '^•■^^''''■"  ^'^*^«  ^^^  «ft*'n  called  Ncw-En-r- 

ivrri  .P^^P'^"*"  ^^'^  U'"^''*!  states  are  very  hap- 
py. They  have  a  fine  country,  whicli  produces  beauti- 
lul  trees,  a  plenty  of  grain,  and  delicious  fruits. 

3 


m  n 


I 


I 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 

6.  Mexico  is  an  extensive 
country,  remarkable  for  its  mines 
ol  silver  and  gold.  A  great  deal 
ot  the  silver  money  we  see  is 
dug  out  of  the  mountains,  in 
Mexico,  in  small  pieces,  and  then 
made  into  money. 

7.  Guatimala  is  a  very  uneven 
country,  lying  on  the  narrow 
strip  of  land  which  unites  North 

!)  to  South  America.     Tliey  have 

ivImmI^h'""'^'"'''"!"'-  ,  terrible  earthquakes  here  in 
^  h  i  the  earth  shakes,  and  sometimes  opens  anj 
^vvaiiovvs  up  many  people  and  houses.  ^P^^«^  ^«^ 


r  3 


m 


West  India  Ncgroo8,  Dancing. 

8,   riie  West  Iiulies  arc  a  group  of  islands  Ivinff  in  ine 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


1  extensive 
for  its  mines 
A.  great  deal 
r  we  see  is 
►untains,  in 
es,  and  then 

^ery  uneven 
he  narrow 
nites  North 
Tliey  have 
3  here,  in 
opens,  and 


P 


Atlantic  Ocean  between  North  and  South  America 
near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Cuba  and  St.  Domingo  are 
the  largest  of  the  West  India  Islands.  There  are  many 
negroes  m  the  West  Indies,  who  perform  nearly  all  the 
labour.  They  are  very  gay,  however,  and  when  their 
work  is  done,  they  love  to  dance.  In  summer  it  is  very 
hot  m  tnese  islands :  they  produce  rum,  sugar,  and 
molasses;  these  are  all  made  from  sugar  cane,  which 


grows  like  our  corn. 


Questions, 


2.  Is  Greenland  a  cold  or  hot  country  1 

What  can  you  tell  mo  of  the  hills  and  mountains  1 
Is  It  a  cheerful  or  a  dreary  country  ? 

What  kind  of  trees  and  shi-ubs  does  Greenland  produce  1 
„n  ^  ^^""^  ^''  P"-"P'-  iiiliabit  Greenland  ? 

3.  Why  is  British  America  so  called  7 
What  does  British  America  include  ? 
Whatpeopleinlmbit  British  America?  • 

4.  U hat  Js  the  number  of  Uie  United  States? 
1  ell  me  the  names  of  them  ? 

Which  of  tlie  United  States  do  you  live  in  1 

wZ/-   .f^'"'-*'^"". '■'''' '"^""'^^^  on  the  North?    East?    West?    Snith? 

VV  hat  IS  the  pnncipal  town  ill  Uie  State  you  live  in?    Tlj^  nrincinai  riv.S  '    •    . 

niountams?  ^      *»v.in»     um.  prmcipai  jutjs?     llic  pruiti|».i| 

D.  Which  of  the  United  States  are  called  New-Endand? 
Arc  the  people  of  tlie  United  States  happy?  «  * 
What  can  you  say  of  the  country  and  its  productions  ? 

m'retV°"?rf^T^'    What  is  it  remarkable  fi,r1 

Where  is  a  great  deal  of  Uio  silver  money  we  see,  obtained  1 
/ .  What  can  you  say  of  Guatimala  ?  '  "'"^'"''^  * 

8.  What  are  the  West  Indies  1 

W'here  do  they  lie  ? 

Which  arc  the  largest? 

What  do  Uic  ^^•cst  India  Islands  produco  1 


rinirin  tiie 


ii    tiiv 


--MB 

MmM 


4   i  I 


li 

■0>  •'■  ♦ 


i 

» 

•; 

n 

1 

1! 

■ 

!  , 


i    i 


m 


"^^  GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 

LESSOxN  SEVENTEENTH. 

»IAP  OF  SOUTH  AMERICA. 

Here  is  a  map  of  South  America.     The  princinal 

cotmtnes  of  Soutli  America   are  Colombia  ^GuS 

ern,  Bohvu,  Bra.il,   Umted  Provinces,   ChHi^  3 

Patagonia.  '    ^""h   ^niu 

I'lie  largest  rirers  in  the  Avorkl  are  to  be  found  in 
South  An,en,m      The  Amazon  is  the  largest  river  o 
lie  globe:  the  La  Plata  and  Oronoco  afe  al^ 'erl 
large  river.s.  cn»u  veiy 

The  Andes  is  a  very  lofty  range  of  mountains   with 

TheSwtr"'^-  'I'^f  ("g'-tpeak  is  cSomf 
Ihe  peaks  of  these  mountams  are  always  covered  «itl» 


-  lie  And.  s,  iImj  higiu'st  Moiiutfiins  in  Aniuiica. 

snow,  while  in  the  valleys  beneath  it  is  alwavs  summer 


1  r   ?i  1 1    1  1 1  n  /^ 

..V     t  i  t  i      t  i  i  i  i  V 


S.AMERrCiS.. 


lie  principal 

>iaj  Guiana, 

Chili,   and 

be  found  in 
est  river  on 
e  also  very 

itains,  with 
Ihimborazo. 
)vered  \\ith 


rs  summer, 
ipe  on  llie 


r*  i; 


i4l 


it! 

p  III 


!* 


ijajii 

iIl 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


39 


fJtf  T  "'°™t^'^'»''  are  volcanoes,  which  send 

miles  off  ^"^  "'"'^'  ''''  *''  ^"^  ''^^'■'^  liundreds  of 

Potos?  E"?n,V''^''n '^''  ^"'*°'  P'-^ramaribo,  Lima, 
of  th^ir       T^"''"'  ^"^^^^^  ^y''^'^'  Santiago.    Rlnn^ 

with  a gieat  deal  of  gold  and  silver. 

,vi  .      ,  Questions. 

Wta.  arc  the  principal  countries  of  Siiilii  America! 
AUcre  arc  the  Imgest  rivers  in  the  world? 
"  hat  IS  the  largest  river  in  the  world  ? 

What  is  the  highest  peak  of  the  Andos? 

What  are  the  prmdpal  towns  in  South  America  1 


Bolivia? 


Chili?     Unitr.l 
Rio  Jan^}i»()] 


LESSON  EIGHTEENTH. 

.     ^  QUESTIONS  ON   THE  MAP. 

^ovLS^t:i«!;::;S^^      «"--^      Brazil?     Peru? 

S^.  W  In;^.^^^^,!:/^  S.f  ^'^^^0  ?       Paramari^  ? 

Where  is  Capo'  Vela  ?    S       oone  ?     P  '  ^  H^"^      £?"'  P«ta?"nia  ? 

Where  does  the  .^n.,z„n  e.npt?  t  wS   si     Tl      t*^'^"'     '^.[".^  ^ay  of  Panama? 

Francisco?  The  TocnntS  TheO  onoco?  ^"  ^'*''"  ^'^  "''^  '^^  '^  ^'^^^^  '^I*^  nvrr 
"^X^^i^:!?^^''^'-^  JuanPernaade.?  The  Gallapagos ?  Trinidad?  Oor«.., 
^S?"t^r^°^'^^'^"^«-  Bogota?  Quito?  Buenos  Ayres?  R.,  Jan^h.? 
nS;LS?^  fentj::^^^^^^  Pntosi?    Lima?    BnonosAvre«,    .... 

y:::^;^:-:^^^^-^^^^^^^  u...  w^onuheisia.,:; 

Wluch  is  must  easterly,  Cape  St.  Roque  or  Boston  ? 


I  I 


if  ill 


ml 


'}"  ' 


40  GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 

In  what  direction  is  Cape  Horn  from  New- York? 

W'liat  \)iins  of  North  America  arc  between  iiie  same  degrees  of  longitude  as  Colombia  and 

I'fTU  I 

M'hich  i»j  most  easterly,  Potosi  or  Washington  1 


LESSON  NINETEENTH. 

SOUTH  AMERICA. 


Native  Indians  of  South  America. 


1.  South  America  is  a  very  extensive  country,  with 
very  rich  mines  of  golJ  and  silver,  but  it  is  in  an  un- 
settled state.  The  people,  for  many  years,  have  been 
involved  in  war,  and  they  are  very  far  from  being 
as  happy  as  the  people  of  the  United  States. 

2.  In  consequence  of  the  wars  and  revolutions  in 
South  America,  and  the  almost  exclusive  attention  paid 
to  working  the  mines,  the  lands  are  poorly  cultivated; 


I  uc;   |ji;:;v7J7ic 


are  nut  iiiuiisiiiuus 


1    «»V,'       |^»^\^|^iV^,        ►^^^►■'JlVt^-',       ».ti»^       Xt.\J\l       11J.V.I  llld/J. 

is  linppy  or  rich  without  industry. 


anu  no  uatiuu 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


41 


as  Colombia  and 


Ltrv,  with 
in  an  im- 
lave  been 
om  being 

lutions  in 
ition  paid 
iltivated ; 

10    liatiuii 


3.  The  inhabitants  are  principally  Spanish  and  Por- 
tuguese, and  the  descendants  of  Spanish  and  Portu- 


Gentlemen  and  Ladies  of  South  America. 

ffuese,  and  they  are  very  fond  of  parade  and  costly 
dress.  There  are  also  many  persons  from  all  parts  of 
Europe  and  America.  There  are,  beside,  many  native 
Indians  m  South  America ;  some  of  them  are  wild  yet 
brave,  hospitable,  and  generous. 

4.  South  America  produces  a  great  deal  of  silver  and 
gold;  also  diamonds  and  other  precious  stones.  Sil- 
\^r  and  gold  are  dug  from  the  earth,  or  washed  from 
the  sand,  which  contains  small  particles  of  silver  and 
gold. 

3* 


i 


42 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


of 


.Megro  Slaves  wasliing  for  Diamonds. 

Dianionds  are  washed  from   the  sand  that  comes 
dou'ii  from  the  mountains. 

Questions. 

1.  Is  South  America  a  large  or  small  country  1 
What  is  tlio  state  of  South  Amt-rica? 

Are  the  people  as  hoppy  as  we  are? 

2.  Arc  tlie  people  of  Soutlj  America  industrious  1 
Can  a  nation  be  hapjiy  williout  industry  1 

3.  What  are  tiie  greater  part  of  the  inhabitants  of  SouUi  America? 
Are  tliore  many  native  Indians  in  South  America  ? 

4.  What  does  South  America  produce? 
Where  is  gold  and  silver  obtained? 
Where  are  diamonds  found  ? 


LESSON  TWENTIETH. 

HISTORY  OF  AMERICA. 


1.  Geography  tells  you  about  the  present  state  of  a 
country ;  history  will  tell  you  what  has  happened  in 
that  country  in  former  times. 


Be] 

Afj 
thi{ 

r 

c 

shi] 
Jnu 


it  comes 


tate  of a 
pened  in 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


43 


2.  America  was  mliabited  only  by  wandering  tribes 
ot  Indians  till  it  was  discovered  by  Christopher  Colum- 
bus m  the  year  1492 ;  that  is,  more  than  300  years  a^ 


Columbus  discovers  America. 


Before  this  discovery  the  people  of  Europe,  Asia,  and 
A  rica,  had  no  idea  that  there  was  such  a  continent  as 
tins  on  the  globe. 

shL  ^°}^^^1^  '^ame  to  the  country  with  a  few  small 
snips,  llie  story  of  his  life  and  vovasres  is  exceed ino-lv 
mieresting.     You  should  read  Washington  "irving's 


44 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


'  K-  i  .  h 


Sil' 


account  of  Columbus  as  soon  as  you  can,  for  it  is  a 
delightful  book. 

4.  Columbus  carried  to  Europe  the  story  of  his  disco- 
veries. Then  many  people  came  over  to  see  the  country, 
and  obtain  gold  and  silver ;  and  the  adventures  of  many 
of  those  persons  who  first  came  to  America  are  very 
remarkable,  but  I  cannot  tell  you  about  them  now. 

5.  South  America  and  Mexico  were  settled  by  people 
from  Spain  and  Portugal.  The  Spanish  and  Portu- 
guese treated  the  native  Indians  with  extreme  cruelty. 
They  took  away  their  lands,  took  possession  of  their 
wealth,  and  subdued  them  to  their  dominion.  The 
most  wicked  injustice  was  practised  in  South  America 
and  Mexico  by  the  Europeans. 

6.  That  part  of  North  America  now  occupied  by  the 
United  States  was  principally  settled  by  people  from 
England.  The  first  settlement  was  made  in  1607  in 
Virginia :  New-England  was  settled  in  1620,  by  some 
people  called  Puritans,  who  first  landed  at  Plymouth, 
in  Massachusetts. 

7.  Canada,  and  nearly  all  that  is  called  British  Ame- 
rica, was  originally  settled  by  the  French. 

8.  For  a  long  time  these  countries  remained  subject 
to  the  government  or  dominion  of  the  several  Euro- 
pean powers,  under  whose  authority  they  were  first 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


45 


The  first  settlement  in  Virginia. 

settled.  South-America  and  Mexico  continued  to  be 
ruled  by  Spain  and  Portugal,  the  English  colonies  by 
England,  and  the  Canadas  by  E'rance. 

9.  But  by  and  by  the  English  colonies,  being  un- 
justly treated  by  the  king  and  government  of  Eng- 
land, declared  themselves  independent,  and  after  a 
long  and  bloody  v^ar,  they  became  a  free  nation,  un- 
der the  title  of  the  United  States.     This  happened 


m 


46 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


!   [I  f 


about  filty  years  ago,  ana  ever  since  the  country  has 
been  generally  prosperous  and  happy.     The  following 
picture  represents  the  famous  battle  of  Bunker  Hill 
near  Boston,  in  which  General  Warren  was  killed       ' 


10.  The  Canadas  were  before  conquered  by  the 
armies  of  England,  and  have  remained  ever  since,  that 
is  for  about  seventy  years,  subject  to  the  government  of 


SMkL 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


47 


try  has 
llowing 
er  HilL 
led. 


by  tlie 
e,  that 
[lent  of 


£Sn?  1  "  •  T''^  following  picture  represents  the 
deadi  ot  the  brave  General  Wolfe,  who  was  killed  in 
taking  duebec  from  the  French 


11.  South  America  and  Mexico,  within  a  few  years 
have  liberated  themselves  from  the  dominion  of  ^nain' 
and  tormed  independent  gorernments.  These  govern^ 
inenu  liowever,  are  yet  unsettled,  and  tiie  countries 

fTr^r  a^  T'^  '''PPy  "^  P^^Perous  than  in  former 
tunes.  Ihey  have  Irequent  blo(.,ly  wars;  but  it  w  to 
be  hoped  these  evils  will  soon  disappear 


48 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


ir 


12.  Brazil,  a  part  of  South  America,  still  remains 
under  its  former  dominion.  The  King  of  Portugal  has 
removed  to  Brazil,  and  governs  the  people.  Here  fol- 
lows a  picture  of  some  Brazilian  hunters. 

13.  Guiana  is  subject  to  vari- 
ous European  powers.  Pata- 
gonia has  ever  remained  prmci- 
pally  inhabited  by  native  In- 
dians, who  are  said  to  be  very 
savage. 

14.  The  West  Indies  have 
ev«er  since  their  discovery  be- 
longed to  European  govern- 
ments, except  St.  Domingo  or 
Hayti.  Several  of  them  hai^e 
frequently     changed     owners, 

Brazilian  Hunters.  sometimes  bcing  talccu  by  one 

government,  and  then  by  another.    The  native  Indians  * 
have  disappeared  from  them.     There  are  many  ne- 
groes who  are  slaves  in  the  West  Indies.    The  labour 
is  generally  performed  by  the  negroes. 

15.  Cuba  belongs  now  to  Spain;  Jamaica  to  Great 
Britain ;  and  St.  Domingo  or  Hayti,  a  few  years  ago, 
became  independent,  and  is  now  governed  by  ne- 
groes. 


emams 
^al  has 
3re  fol- 


to  vari- 

Pata- 

priiici- 

ive  In- 

3e  very 

s  have 
ivj  be- 
^overn- 
ngo  or 
ft  hai^e 
►wners, 
by  one 
[ndians  * 
ny  ne- 
labour 

Great 
rs  ago, 
by  ne- 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 

Questions, 


49 


i  W^^^*^'  Geography  tell  you  7    What  does  History  tell  you  1 

discovery  of  America  1  ^       v^oiumous  I    About  how  long  u  it  smce  the 

3.  How  did  Columbus  come  to  America? 

4.  WImt  was  the  consequence  of  CoIumbus»s  discovery? 

0.  ay  whom  were  South  America  and  Mexico  settlpH  1    Hnw  a;a  ♦»,«  c      •  u       j  « 

treat  tlie  native  Indians  ?  °^  ^^  ^  ^h^ish  and  Portugiioso 

6.  What  part  of  North  America  was  settled  by  Uie  English? 

/.  Who  first  settled  Canada? 

8.  How  did  these  several  countries  remain  for  a  lonff  time  ? 

Who  nlHT^^p  T-'l^'T  ^"*^  ^^"•^  ^d  Mexico  ? 
vviio  ruled  the  English  colonies  1 

*^"«  ruled  over  tlie  Canadas  ? 
■S^f' ^'  ?^  ^*'^  English  colonies  at  length  do  ? 
What  did  they  become  aRer  a  bloody  war  1 
How  long  since  was  this  war  ? 

•A  wi^*^^  !"^^  ^"^^  ^^^  «^^  o*"  ^he  country  since  1 
10.  What  happened  to  the  Canadas  ? 

How  long  since  they  were  conquered  by  the  Encrlish? 
1 1   wi  Ti"^   .     '^«"»»"0'i  liavc  they  remained  eve?  since  ? 

Wit    rS.e?i"5 .?  S«"th-America  and  Mexico  within  a  few  years? 
in  ^r,"'^"'^  ^^^01  their  governments? 
it  rr        *^^"  y^^  ^^y  ^^  '^''«^iJ  ^ 

:  &  v™  ™ftfWL?KJr  *"  ''"^°""  ^™"p°"^  '"'■'"•■'«' ' 

15.  To  whom  dcx«  Culm  belong-!    JamoicaJ 
By  whom  18  St.  Domingo  liow  governed  J 


LESSON  TWENTY-FIRST. 

1.  I  HAVE  now  told  you  about  the  continent  of 
America.  It  is  a  great  extent  of  land,  you  see,  with 
vast  ranges  of  mountains,  and  the  largest  lakes  and 
rivers  in  tlie  world.  Its  whole  len)*th  is  nearly  9000 
miles :  and  it  contains  35  millions  of  noonio 


50 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


Ill 


;H 


ii|'!i|if  I 


2.  It  is  inhabited  by  various  nations,  ruled  by  vari- 
ous governments,  and  different  portions  of  it  enjoy  dif- 
ferent degrees  of  happiness. 

3.  In  the  northern  parts,  as  in  Greenland,  it  is  ex- 
tremely cold,  and  the  produce  of  the  earth  is  scarcely 
sufficient  to  support  life.  In  the  more  southern  por- 
tions, as  the  United  States,  the  climate  is  less  severe, 
and  the  fruits  of  the  earth  are  abundant. 

4.  In  places  near  the  equator,  as  Mexico,  the  West 
Indies,  and  a  part  of  South  America,  there  is  no  win- 
ter ;  the  trees  and  plants  are  always  green,  and  fruits 
and  flowers  are  visible  at  all  seasons. 

5.  The  houses,  food,  and  dress  of  the  people  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  America  are  very  different ;  in  somie 
parts  the  houses  are  good,  in  others  they  are  very  poor, 
and  the  same  may  be  said  of  food  and  dress.  There  is 
no  part  of  America,  however,  where  the  people  are 
generally  so  comfortable  and  happy  as  in  the  United 
States,  where  we  live. 

Questions. 

1.  Descril)f  the  continent  of  Amrrica. 

What  is  il8  whole  lenifth  ?    What  is  tlie  whole  number  of  iiihabitants  \ 

2.  How  or  by  whom  is  it  inhabit/^d  1 

Are  the  noople  in  all  parts  equally  happy  7 

3.  Is  it  cohl  w  hot  in  tho  northern  parts  of  America  T 
How  in  it  in  GrcfulaiKi? 

How  if  the  dinuitc  in  the  United  States  1 

4.  In  w'iut  placi^s  is  there  no  winter? 

What  is  always  the  stiite  of  the  trees  and  plants  in  these  places  1 
What  is  always  visible  in  thos«'  jilacfs  near  tlie  otiuator  ? 
&  What  can  you  say  of  the  housrs,  fotxi,  and  dress  m  dilfprent  part^  of  Aiiiericuf 
Wliat  people  of  Ainerica  are  llic  luost  comlbrtuble  and  hanny  i 


)y  van- 
joy  dit 

fc  is  ex- 
carcely 
rn  per- 
severe, 

e  West 
10  win- 
i  fruits 


in  dif- 
ri  some 
y  poor, 
Inhere  is 
pie  are 
United 


i 

I  ■ 


mmmm 


1P~^" 


ETTROrE 


r  mi 
"f    !lf 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


51 


LESSON  TWESTTY-SECOND. 

1.  We  must  now  leave  America,  and  so  to  Euronp 
It  IS  necessary  to  go  to  Europe  in  a  shif  vou  know' 
Let  us  imagine  that  we  eet  into  a  finp  «I,;^ 3.li^^        ^• 
the  Atlantfc  Ocean,  toSiL  Eatt    PCtu^ 
days  a  vessel  will  cross  the  Atlantic      Rn?w*.T 
make  a  shorter  trip  of  it,  for  hete  is"l  map^'of  E^ro^' 
^.   The  principal  countries  of  Eurone  a r^  ^rTi^^ 
o^^^reatBritain,fncludi„gIrelandrndTotL:^^^^^^ 
Portugal,  Spain,  Italy,  Switzerland  Germanv  wJ^fi    !.' 
or  the  Netherlands,  Austria,  Prusl^™Sr?  SW 
den,  Norway,  Lapland,  Russia,  and  Turkey      ^'  ^'^"- 

o.  m  these  several  countries  are  a«  moJ^xr  ^-^ 
nations,  ruled  by  differentTove^neLrX^^^^ 
gushed  by  differed  language^  n™  t'd^'^tomr- 
4.  The  prmcipal  mountains  are  the  Alps,  PyreTee. 
Appenmes,  and  Ural  mountains  ^    Pyrenees, 

and  BkcKs'P'^  ""  '"  *^  Mediterranean,  Baltic, 
n^:£S^^l^^  ^«^^a,  Don,  Dnieper, 

Ireland,  and  Iceland,  in  the  Atlanti?  and  S.  ^       "' 
and  Nova  Zeiubla,  ii'i  the  Fi^en  Oeer„'  ''^^'^'"^"^ 

-.pa.  luvMis  are  London,  Paris,  Constan- 


t    -I 

f 


52  GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 

tinople,  Vienna,  Amsterdam,  Rome,  Petersburgh,  Mad- 
rid, Lisbon,  Berne,  Stockholm,  and  Copenhagen. 

Questions. 

1.  How  do  people  go  to  Europe  T 

How  long  does  it  take  a  vessel  to  go  to  Europe  1 

2.  What  are  the  principal  countries  of  Europe  i 

3.  What  are  in  these  several  countries  1 

How  ai'C  they  ruled,  by  one  or  different  governments  ? 

By  what  are  these  countries  distinguishcxl  from  each  other? 

Which  are  the  principal  mountains  in  Europe  7 

What  are  the  princij)al  seas  I 

The  principal  rivers  1 
7.  The  principal  islands  1 
6.  The  principal  towns  or  cities  1 

\ 


LESSON  TWENTY-THIRD. 

QUESTIONS  ON  THE  MAP. 

How  is  Europe  bounded  1     England  {     Ireland  1      Prance  1    Portugal  1    Spain  1    Italy  1 

Tiu-key  1     Austria  1     Germany  1     Prussia  1     Switzerland  1     Holland  t     Denmark:  7 

Sweden?    Norway?    Lapland?    Russia? 
Where  is  Madrid  ?    Lisbon  ?   Rome  ?    Paris  ?    London  ?    Moscow  ?   Dublin  ?   Edinburgh  1 

Berlin?    Stockholm?    Bergen?    Constantinople?    PetersburghJ 
Where  is  the  Wolga  or  Volga  ?    Where  does  it  empty  ? 
Where  d(ws  the  Don  empty  ?    the  Danube  ? 
Whpre  are  the  Alps  ?    The  Ural  Mounuiins  1 
W^here  is  Greece  ? 
Where  is  the  Mediterranean  Sea  ?    The  Blade  Soa  1    The  Archipelago  ?    North  Seal 

Straits  of  Gibraltar  ?   Bay  of  Biscay  ?    Baltic  Sea  ?   White  Sea  ?    The  English  Channel  1 

Gulf  of  Venice  ? 
Where  is  Corsica ?    Sardinia?    Sicily?    Candia?    Cyprus?    England,  or  Great  Britain! 

Ireland?     Icelnnd? 
Between  what  dt grees  of  latitude  is  Paris?     Moscow?    Rome?    Vienna?    Bergen  1 

Sicily?     Iceland?     Ireland? 
Which  is  mast  northerly,  Boston  or  London  1    New- York  or  Paris?    Quito  or  Madrid  1 

Cyprus  or  Mexico  ? 
Between  what  degrees  of  longitude  is  Paris  7    Moscow?    Warsaw?    Madrid?    Bergen  1 

Ireland  ? 
Which  way  is  Lrndon  from  Moscow?    Paris  from  Constantinople?    Sicily  from  Ireland^ 

Iceland  from  Bergen  ? 
Now  ahut  up  your  book,  and  point  your  finger  towards  London.     Paris.    Ireland.    Spain. 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN.  53 

LESSON  TWENTY-FOURTH. 

Y       rn  ABOUT  EUROPE. 

1.1  HE  whole  len<rtli  of  Europe  is  i  hmif  cjonn     •! 

is  ab.rtiS?Sio„s" SS^^t^P^Plj  i"  •■"'  Europe 

iis  in  all  America  '^  ^™*^^  ^«  »nany 

i-  iry  seats,      -liiere  are  also  many  excellent 


English. 


S  p"S:!?r  '"  ^"-^^^''•"'-    '^''^  P«"P'«  ^'r^ss  and  live 
m  ^.ngland  very  much  as  we  dn  i ,  tJ  e  IT...--.,?  "'   A  '^ 

ia  iinglancl  there  is  more  wealth  a.l!  fess  Som  ihS 


/!. 


erar-^SK^'iv 


54 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


ill  this  country.     It  is,  however,  in  many  respects,  the 
most  interesting  country  on  the  globe. 

3.  Scotland  is  also  a  very  interesting  country,  lying 
north  of  England.  Scotland  is  a  mountainous  country, 
but  it  is  very  beautiful.  The  people  of  Scotland  are 
called  Scotch. 

4.  Ireland  is  an  island,  lying  west  of  England.  The 
people  of  Ireland  are  called  Irish.  They  have  suffered 
greatly  from  the  bad  government  of  the  country  by  the 
Ens:lish. 


French. 


Dutch. 


5.  France  is  a  fine  country  and  has  many  vineyards, 
which  produce  great  quantitios  of  grapes,  of  which  wine 


is  made.    'IMie  8^^r(>np|i  nvp. 


*   9.'   ■  T.   %      r  V  i    ^^-        \JU  T 


^J  6 


1.1 


lit 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN.  55 


Portuguese, 


Spanish. 


many  liouses,  and  many  inhabitants.    The  ueS  of 
Spam  are  said  to  be  revengeful:  bnt  l\.ii.I  &?.f. 

ci^aracter  only  ol-some  who  live  in  the  k;g;cife^^^ 


56 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


'Ii 


*^enerally  possess  great  integrity  of  character,  and  are  as 
remarkable  for  being  grave  as  the  French  are  for  gayety. 
9.  Italy  is  a  delightful  country,  but  the  people  are 
poor  and  weak.  They  are  fond  of  music,  and  the 
sweetest  singers  in  the  world  are  Italians. 


Utalia 


ns. 


Turks. 


10.  Turkey  is  inhabited  by  a  very  singular  people, 
called  Turks.  Their  dress,  houses,  food,  and  customs,  are 
all  singular.  They  we*ar  turbans  instead  of  hats,  and 
loose  robes  instead  of  coats.  They  do  not  believe  tlie 
bible.  The  Turks  do  not  sit  in  chairs,  but  on  cushions. 
They  use  very  long,  crooked  pipes,  in  which  they  smoke 
opium  instead  of  tobacco.  They  do  not  generally  use 
knives  and  forks,  but  take  their  meat  in  their  finders. 


GEOGPIPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


5/ 


11.  Switzerland  lies  amonff  the  Alns  Tf  ;.  o 
tainous  and  wild  country  hnt  it-f^  ,  "  '^  "^  '"^""- 
teresting.  Thev  are  S„  .  ^  P^°P^^  ^""^  ^''^'"y  in- 
rfelightlTd  to  travelamS  ;^"^«t'  ^"^  ^^^PP^-  I*  « 
land     Their  tonAre^r^  *^  mountains  of  Switzer- 

deep  valley  aX^enanX  """"Iff  "t^'  ^"«^-  The 
are^dnd  aid  l4S:  to  stTngSs.    ^'^  ^"''^'"^"^« 


Swiss. 


Austrians. 


19     rpi  Austrians. 

resembleXl'riltherr-  ^"^*™'  ^"-^  ^-''^ia. 
are  generallyr  strio 'f «  Tf  ^^'■^"***^"«*«'n«-  They' 
you  will  season  the  In  ^^PP^"    ^^^^n^^'  ^hicfc 

has  been  diyid-"  l^^h-  T^?  «»^«  ^  kingdom,  but  it 
-a.„,  „„^  ,,^     oeiongs  to  other  kingdoms. 

4*  ° 


\ 


/ 


I  f 


58 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


1 


^1 


Prussians. 


Poles'. 


Danei, 


Germans. 


„N 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN.  59 


Swedca 


Norwegian. 


1/1       XT  ""'wcgmn. 

Bears  are  very  nniTiprnn«  ,*»  ivt      "^  "™""g  and  lislnng;. 
.«ro  or  .  N„r^™Kr«SS^-  """  ""'^  »  »  P^ 

Scnerally  !>„„,,„,  „„,,  „,;„„„'rl'LP"»Pl«  "f  Rii«?i»  are 

'   ""    "-  -J  -^*  "i'-wi  puoi  uiiu  unhappy. 


60 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


A  great  part  of  the  people  are  little  better  than  slaves, 
tlieir  government  is  so  oppressive. 

16.  Lapland  is  a  desolate  region,  inhabited  by  a 
wandering  race  of  people,  clothed  in  furs.  Here  is  a 
picture  of  a  Laplander  riding  over  the  snow.  His  sled 
is  drawn  by  a  reindeer.     How  swiftly  he  goes  ! 


17.  The  most  extensive  country  in  Europe  is  Russia; 
the  most  wealthy  and  powerful  is  Great  Britain ;  the 
most  polite  nation  is  the  French  ;  the  coldest  and  poor- 
est place  is  Lapland  ;  the  pleasantest  climate  is  that  of 
Italy ;  the  most  cruel  and  despotic  government  is  that 
of  Turkey ;  the  most  mountainous  country  is  Switzer- 
land ;  the  flattest  is  Holland. 

Questions, 

!.  What  !s  thp  length  of  Europe  1    What  \n  tiio  l(>n<rth  nf  the  continent  of  America? 


7.  Dcsi 


IS 


mc 


Whnt  is  the  pomiialion  of  America  1 
fi.  Descrilie  Kii<;ian(L     How  do  tlipjr  dr»»«B  and  liw  m  England  1 


What  ii  the  ijopulutiori  of  tairojif  1 
Descrilie  Kii;;ian(L     How  do  thoy  < 
&  What  cun  you  say  of  Scotlund  I    What  uro  the  jwoplo  of  Scotland  called  I 


1.  E 

he  ea; 
nost  ii 

2.  1' 
liie  peo 
Wiicate 
^vhich  {« 

3.  T] 
ack  to 
itlle  m 

niericf' 
lie  nati 


in  slaves, 

ed  by  a 

[ere  is  a 

His  sled 
I 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


7.  SS  pXlr  '''-'  P^^P'^  ''  ""^"-d  called  , 

'*^"  w/.M  f "  .^''tl'^r  Of  tJ'e  Turks  ? 

A\  Kit  do  the  Turks  wear? 
ti  wr''^^^'"'>'""^f»''f^ve? 
I '  ■  UVrn!  '""  T  ''!>'  "f  Svv'itzerland  ? 

U-  What  o"  VoX:;^,  ^'  ""^"""^^  -^  S--Jen  1 

'^"  ^\vi^-  ;''  ^'"'.  '"'*^'^«t  country  of  Furone?     Wh!  i,  ♦!       •  . 

Which  nation  is  the  mostLlitc  /TlLh  I  h  ^'"r,"'''^''*  ''"'^  '""s*  Powerful  nationl 
J  as  tlie  pleasantost  climate?  Whi.h  \  ^"^  ^'"^''^^  «"d  P^'-'^st  countrvl  \vZl 
>the  most  mountainous  ?  ' Whic^^'uL  tttelf? ""'  '^'""^^  ^^^^^'^-^  '    ^^f^'h  ciuu^]: 

LESSON  TWENTY-FIFTH. 

HISTORY  OF   EUROPE. 

i  Russia;  Janost  interesting  '  ''  '"  ^ov  m^ny  reasons  tl.e 

.luLJcl,  and  h;v:Mll"SoS.?e  '^ti^:;!'^"^ 
IviHch  serve  to  inake  lifp  P^,v.i\ /ii*^     ?.    ^"^^^  ^^^^ 

l«c;k  to  the  tin/of  its  d  coSv  Sv  c"„r',""'^.  ^"^ 
I'Hle  more  than  300  years  3  LP^j ?'''"*''  ^"^  a 
'[".erica  previous  to  tfa?"  „  f  VeTa„l  "ff'^^ 
f'e  native  Indians  of  America  had  n"Til!"rj.  ^' 
preseri 


b\ 


ain ;  tlio 
nd  poor- 
s  that  of 
t  is  that 
^witzer- 


icat 


Hig  tlieir  history. 


62 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


I 


U 


1    :■ 


4.  But  we  are  able  to  learn  the  history  of  Europe 
for  several  thousand  years.  The  first  people  known  to 
liave  lived  in  Europe  were  the  Grecians,  who  occupied 
a  small  space  of  country  on  the  Mediterranean  Sea 
If  you  will  look  on  the  map  of  Europe,  you  will  see 
tlie  place  still  bearing  the  name  of  Greece. 

5.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  near  2500  years  after 
tlie  world  was  made,  and  about  3300  years  ago,  that 
Greece  was  first  settled  by  a  colony  from  Egypt.     Pre- 


CoJony  from  Egypt  settling  Greece. 

vious  to  this  time,  Greece  was  inhabited  by  a  rude  and 
barbarous  people,  who  ate  herbs  and  roots ;  dwelt  iii 
tlie  open  air,  and  in  clefts  of  rocks  ;  and  lived,  in  short, 
like  wild  beasts. 

6.  But  after  the  arrival  of  the  Egyptian  colony,  they 
began  to  be  civilized,  and  finally  they  became  one  of  the 
wisest  and  most  polished  of  ail  the  ancient  nations 


They 
ed  for 


beautii 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


63 


)f  Europe 
known  to 
}  occupied 
tiean  Sea 
1  will  see 


ears  after 

ago,  th 

f^t.     Pre 


t  rude  and 

dwelt  in 

I,  in  short 

lony,  theyl 
oneofthel 
t  nations^ 


^  ^^'•eet  ^  Athens,  a  city  of  Ancient  Greece. 

They  built  splendid  cities,  and  the  ter.ples  they  erect- 
ed  for  the  purposes  of  their  religion  were  exceedingly 


beautiful 


Picture  of  nn  Ancient  Grecian  Temple.  ' 

-    -    *..,,»^  v/i  Mivoc  uiiijuus  are  stiu  lo  fje 


64 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


i'rf 


seen  in  Greece,  and  every  person  who  looks  upon  them 
is  struck  with  wonder  and  admiration. 

7.  At  length,  having  flourished  about  1400  years,  the 
Grecians  were  conquered  by  the  Romans,  and  became 
subject  to  the  Roman  government.  This  happened 
near  2000  years  ago.  Since  that  time  the  people  of 
Greece  have  been  in  a  state  of  bondage  to  other  nations. 
Within  a  few  years  they  have  made  an  eflbrt  to  be  free, 
and  I  hope  they  are  soon  to  enjoy  the  blessings  of  liberty 
and  independence. 


Founding  the  city  of  Ancient  Rome. 

8.  The  city  of  Rome,  in  Italy,  was  founded  about 
2500  years  ago.  In  a  few  centuries  it  became  a  mighty 
nation,  and  conquered  by  its  generals  and  its  anniei 
nearly  the  whole  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa. 

9.  After  flourishing  in  great  splendour,  tlie  Roman 
Empire  fell  in  pieces,  never  to  be  again  united.     The 


10. 
for  m 
seeme 
This  ^ 
is  ver^ 

11/ 

Europ 

They] 

is  incri 

12. 


n)p  n 


pon  them 

rears,  the 
I  became 
lappened 
)eople  of 
nations. 
)  be  free, 
)f  liberty 


I  about 
.  mighty 


;  armies 


Roman 

!       Thn 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


bo 


nearly  dest4edW  2e  rSTL'^f,™  "'"'"  "nd 

"  E„.pe.  L.  i7;LZtr£lJ;z%^t 

r:rilMI  !?'!ni(f??fy<r55SSSS&>i.5!&*}^v\v!».\.,N\N>i^v^ww 


fo/Lny'^Ltrie"^^^^^^^  on,  and 

seemed  buried  in  innrrn?     "'"''P^'.  ^"*  ^"  ^^^  world, 
This  was  a^d  nnrf  f^f  ?  f '.'"P*'''*'*'*^""'  «nd  slavery 
is  very  paiS  to  "etd       "^^  t™«.  -"'I  the  history  of  I 

Enrop^VanVS'ln'  ^'^  ^'"'=«  *«  "-«ons  of 

They  have  fraduallvadvT  w'n'*^*f  "''  degradation. 

is  increased  and  h.L^  '^  length  knowledge 

12.  lUs  true  thn?P  "'''  ''  'P'"^^'*  «^er  the  land.   " 


«*v  otin  ignorant  and 


s.  i  -v.-     s  r  T  .  T  r 


poor,  and  are  kept  so  by  their 


si 


GEOGEAPHT  FOR  CHILDREN. 

kings  and  rulers.  In  America  our  rulers  are  ffenerallv 
wise  and  just  men ;  and  if  they  do  wrong,  the  people  re- 
nounce  them  and  choose  others.  But  in  most  parts  of 
H-urope  the  people  do  not  choose  their  kings  and  rulers  • 
and  It  they  are  ever  so  cruel,  the  people  cannot  very 
well  help  themselves.  r    r  j- 

13  It  is  also  true,  that  the  kings  of  Europe  are 
usual  y  very  proud  and  ambitious  men,  and  thev  fre- 
tjuently  quarrel  with  each  other,  and  thus  draw  their 
people  into  wars^  France,  England,  Russia,  Prussia, 
and  m  fact  all  the  other  nations  of  Europe,  are  fre- 
quent y  engaged  in  war,  and  war  is  the  greatest  cala- 
mity than  can  happen  to  a  nation. 

14.  A  few  years  since  there  was  a  man  in  Europe 
whose  name  was  Bonaparte.  He  was  a  man  of  greit 
mmd,  and  great  ambition.  He  became  Emperor  of 
France,  but  he  wished  to  reign  over  all  Europe ;  so  he 
raised  mighty  amies,  and  he  went  against  the  nations. 
^r,A^i^  "^^^Z  E.uTOTpe  there  was  the  sound  of  battle 
and  the  cry  of  war.  Armies  of  men  on  f  ;ot  and  men  on 
horseback,  were  marching  in  every  direction.  Often 
these  armies  met,  and  many  a  field  was  stained  with  blood. 

lb  Alter  great  prosperity,  in  which  Bonaparte  ob-- 
tamed  dominion  over  a  large  portion  of  Europe,  his 
fortune  dianged.  In  the  great  battle  of  Waterloo  he 
was  beaten,  and  driven  from  his  throne.    He  was  car- 


generally 
►eople  re- 
parts  of 
d rulers; 
not  very 

"ope  are 
they  fre- 
iw  their 
Prussia, 
are  fre- 
est cala- 

Eiirope 
of  great 
>eror  of 
5 ;  so  he 
nations, 
f  battle 
men  on 
Often 
h  blood, 
irte  ob  • 
)pe,  his 
?rloo  he 
ras  car- 


geoghapht  for  children.  qj 


place  the  island  of  <i2f  n  i  ^^^^^^^^^^SHj 

^  „"rlSr;'V;j;,:r'°  ■""'  "'^  "-!"»  °r  Europe  a.  ™„  enli^h^ned  Aa„  ,h.         , 


I 


68 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


6.  How  long  since  Greece  is  supposed  to  havT  Ijecn  ?*  uledl 
What  was  the  character  of  the  early  settlers  of  Gietoel 
How  did  they  live  1 

6.  What  change  gradually  took  placed 

Wliat  did  they  at  length  become  1     What  did  they  ouiM  1      What  can  you  say  of  llieif 
tjemplos. 

7.  How  long  did  ancient  Greece  flourish  1 
Who  conquered  Greece  I 

Has  Greece  ever  been  an  independent  nation  sintse  it  was  conquered  by  the  Romans  ? 
Wliat  have  the  Greeks  lately  made  an  eftbrt  to  dot 

8.  How  long  is  it  since  Rome  was  founded) 
What  did  Rome  in  a  few  centuries  become? 
What  did  Rome  do  by  its  generals  and  armies  1 

9.  What  happened  to  the  Roman  Empire  at  length  1 

Were  the  many  nations  and  countries  that  it  liad  enslaved  separated  from  it? 
How  long  since  the  city  pf  Rome  was  taken  and  nearly  destioyed  1 
By  whom  was  Rome  tuus  taken  1 

10.  What  followed  the  fall  of  Rome) 

What  was  the  state  of  the  world  during  the  dark  age?  ^ 

11.  How  long  is  it  since  Europe  began  to  emerge  from  it.  state  of  darkness  1 
What  has  followed  since  1 

12.  What  is  the  state  of  the  people  still,  in  some  parts  of  Europe  1 
Who  keep  their  people  thus  poor  and  ignorant) 

What  sort  of  men  are  our  rulers  generally  in  America) 

If  the  rulers  do  wrong  in  America,  what  do  the  people  do? 

Do  the  people  in  Europe  generally  choose  their  rulers  ) 

If  their  rulers  are  wicked  and  cruel,  can  the  people  help  themselves) 

13.  What  sort  of  men  are  the  kin^s  of  Europe  generally) 

What  evil  do  they  frequently  bring  upon  the  countries  they  govern  ) 
What  is  the  greatest  calamity  that  can  bofal  a  nation? 

14.  What  country  was  Bonaparte  emperor  of  ) 
Was  he  a  man  of  great  mind  and  great  ambition? 
What  did  he  desire  ) 

What  did  he  do) 

15.  Was  not  the  sound  of  battle  and  the  marching  of  armies  very  frequent  in  Europe  during 

Bonaparte's  time  ) 
IG.  What  happened  to  Bonaparte  after  he  had  enjoyed  great  prob^erity  ? 
In  what  battle  was  he  beaten) 
Where  was  he  carried) 
Where  is  St.  Helena) 
When  did  Bonaparte  die? 


jr  of  Uieif 


De  (lurijig 


Ja-S  I  j\~ 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 
LESSON  TWENTY-SIXTH. 

MAP  OP  ASIA. 

1.  Here  is  a  map  of  Asia.    Asia  is  a 


69 


tNMtV'M* 


S  ;i,.     '"f  "^es  more  mhabitants  than  all  the  rZ 
of  the  world,  as  I  have  told  you  before.  '^'* 

4.   IJie  prmcipal  countries  of  Asia  arp  T^.v..     • 
Asia,  Russia  in  Asia  Arabia  pLfi^i  f     A  urkey  m 
tary,  Hindostan,  ^^^1^?^^^^^^^^^^  ^"'- 

andSiam,  Chinese  Empire' anTjl^tn.^"'"'"  ^™P"^ 

Alty  teS  cSr  "!E  r"'^*"^"^  ^^«  those  of 
a./elo£t"i\^et^^^^^^^^^ 

Euphrates,  Sf^YLtfLeT  *'/    '"'«!i  «-^-' 
and^Kiang-Ku  '  ^^°^'  '^°'«^'  Hoang-Ho, 

Questions. 

1.  Describe  Asia. 

?'  w^!  ^'■^  ^u^  principal  countries  of  Asia? 
3.  What  are  the  principal  ranges  of  moCains  7 
i'  x^u ""'  ^""^  ^^  pnncipal  rivers  ?         "«"»«»s  * 
&  What  are  the  most  remarkable  cities? 


i    t 


••*>»-*«*ji «. 


y' 


70 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


LESSON  TWENTY-SEVENTH. 

QUESTIONS  ON  THE  MAP  OF  ASIA. 

How  is  Asia  !)oun(Io(J  7 

How  IsTuikoy  in  Asia  boiindod?    Russia  in  Asia]    Arabial    Persia!    Independent  Tar- 

Xxixy'X     Hiiidostiinl     India  7     Clnna? 
"W  liere  arc  llic  islands  heU)ngin<r  tn  .Tapani 
Wh.M-nis  ih.    Caspian  Soal    R<dSf«a?     Yellow  Sea?    Sea  of  Okotski    Bay  of  Bcnja.V/. 

Straits  of  Babeliuandol?     Persian  Gulf? 
Where  doL's  the  Kiver  Indus  empty f    The  Ganges?    Tlie  Kifing-Kut    Tlic  Hoang-Hol 

TheAmom?     The  Tiirrisf 
Wh^ne  is  t!ie  Island  i)f  Japan  1    Suinatral    Coylon'?     Philip jjine  Islands?    Borneo?   Javal 
W'lial  Sr'fi  separates  Asia  from  Afric?  ? 

HclWf'CM  what  ('.I'urnt'H  of  latil\jde  is  Pekin?     Jerusalem?     Ceylon?     Cnlnit'a?     Tolxilsk? 
Whicli  way  is  J;t|)nn  from  the  Birnian  I'/Uipiro?     FiMMnosa  tiom  the  Philippine  Islands? 

Horiiro  from  the  (Jiaspian  Sea?     Jerusalem  from  Pekin? 
Bi'.lwi'i'ii  what  deijn'p.-^  of  lon<ritU(le  is  Canton  ?     Ceylon?     T/iko  Aral  ?     Calrntta? 
W'hi<'h  is  most  northerly,  Boston  or  Jerusalem?     New- York  or  Pekin?     Pekin  or  London? 

Buenos  Avres  or  Ceylon  ? 
Point  your  linger  t<jwaj-(Ls  China.     Arabia.     Kamt.sciiatka.     The  Caspian  Sea.     Sumatra. 


LESSON  TWENTY-EIGIITIL 

ASIA  CONTINUED. 

1.  Asia,  as  before  stated,  is  a  very  extensive  region, 
many  parts  of  it  crowded  with  people.  It  is  more  than 
7000  inik^s  in  length,  and  it  is  supposed  that  the  num- 
ber of  its  inliabitants  is  about  500  millions  ! 

2.  Turkey  in  Asia  is  a  beautiful  country,  but  it  is 
badly  cultivated.  In  it  are  Mount  Lebanon,  Ararat, 
Herinon,  and  Carmel,  mentioned  m  the  scriptiurs;  also 
the  rivers  l^iUplirates  and  Jordan,  which  are  likewise 
mentioned  in  the  scriptures.  The  people  are  much 
the  same  as  in  Turkey  in  Europe. 

»5.  Russia  in  Asia  is  a  level,  but  cold  and  desolate 
country.     It  includes  Siberia,  which  is  a  vast  region, 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


71 


ri;iiu«. 


tJiiuly  inhabited  l,y  people,  who  enjoy  few  oFthe  cou- 
lorts  common  to  other  parts  of  the  world. 


Iti 


Trnvrllinp  in  Sik'ria. 


DersonV?""i!*;"   •"'"  ^Y  ''!"'''''""'"  "^  «"«^'^  *»  bani.sh 
pcrj,ons  to  teibena,  wlw  displease  liim.    The  country 


m 


72 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


is  so  unpleasant,  that  banishment  to  Siberia  is  esteemed 
a  very  severe  punishment. 

4.  A  great  part  of  Arabia  is  a  barren,  sandy  desert. 
Parts  of  it,  however,  are  fertile.  The  climate  is  very 
dry  and  hot.  The  people  travel  across  the  deserts 
with  camels.  The  Arabians  are  a  cruel  people,  and 
very  often  rob  those  who  travel  among  them.  They 
have  beautiful  horses,  which  they  manage  with  great 
skill.  They  live  a  wandering  life,  and  dwell  in  tents 
and  not  in  houses. 

5.  Persia  abounds  in  mountains  and  sandy  deserts. 
The  people  are  generally  ignorant  and  vicious.    Pearls 


Persians.  Turturs. 

and  diamonds  are  brought  from  Persia ;  also  Cashmere 
shawls,  wliich  are  very  costly  and  beautiful. 


mBmoMmmmS. 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


73 


6.  The  people  of  Tartary  have  not  fixed  towns  and 
houses  as  we  have,  but  they  wander  with  their  flocks 
ot  cattle  Irona  place  to  place  at  pleasure.  The  climate 
IS  pleasant,  and  the  land  is  fruitiid,  but  poorly  cultiva- 
ted. The  men  are  fierce,  warlike,  and  fond  of  huntinsr. 
liie  women  are  said  to  be  beautiful.  Tliey  dwell  in 
tcnt^,  removing  from  one  fertile  spot  to  another  as  often 
as  tliey  find  it  necessary. 

7.  Hindostan  is  a  very  extensive  country  a  "reat 
part  of  it  has  been  conquered  by  Great  Britain,%vho 
Ji(. Ids  possession  of  it.  There  are  many  English  peo- 
ple who  reside  at  Calcutta,  Bombay,  and  other  Eno'lish 
towns ;  but  the  great  massofthe  people  are  native  Hindoos 


Riding  on  an  Elephant  in  India. 

8.  The  Hindoos  are  a  very  singular  people.  Tliev 
are  dark  coloured  like  our  Indians.  They  ifre  divided 
ni  classes  or  castes;  tlioseof  one  caste  are  not  allowed 


5* 


74 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


to  eat  with  those  of  another.  They  are  very  ignorant, 
and  sometimes  drown  their  children,  thinking  that  they 
please  God  by  doing  so.  Some  benevolent  men,  called 
missionaries,  have  been  sent  among  the  Hindoos  to 
teach  them  Christianity. 

9.  India  beyond  the  Ganges  includes  several  coun- 
tries; as  the  Birman  Empire,  Siam,  Malacca,  and  others. 
The  Birman  Empire  is  extensive,  and  the  people  are 
lively,  intelligent,  and  interesting.  They  are  said  to  be 
fond  of  poetry  and  music.  Christian  missionaries  have 
also  been  sent  among  the  Birmese. 


W^^^y-  A  Chinese  soiling' Hats  and  Pujtp its 

10.  The  Siamese  are  still  more  enlightened  than  the 
Birmese.  The  people  of  Malacca,  called  Malays,  are 
wicked,  cruel,  and  ferocious. 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


75 


11.  The  Chinese  Empire  is  very  extensive,  and  the 
people  in  many  respects  are  singular.  The  towns  and 
cities  of  China  are  siirrounded  by  high  walls,  and  none 
but  Chinese  are  suffered  to  enter  them.  The  skin  of 
the  Cliineseisof  a  pale  yellow  colour.  The  people  shave 
tlieir  hair,  but  let  a  long  cue  grow  out  behind,  which 
hangs  down  the  back.  The  women  think  small  feet 
very  beautiful ;  so  they  wear  small  wooden  shoes,  or 
tight  bandages,  which  make  theii  feet  so  small  that 
they  can  Jiardly  walk. 

12  The  government  of  China  extends  over  several 
wuntries,  besides  what  is  properly  called  Cliina.  Co- 
rea,  Chinese  Tartary,  and  Thibet,  are  subject  to  China 
Uimese  1  artary  is  an  elevated,  cold  country.  Of  the 
people  not  much  is  known,  but  they  resemble  those  of 
Independent  Tartary. 

13.  The  people  of  Thibet  are  ignorant  and  indolent, 
but  mild  and  peaceful.  ^ 

_  14  The  people  of  Japan,  who  live  on  a  cluster  of 
islands  east  ol  Tartary,  are  very  singular;  thev  are 
however,  said  to  be  intelligent.  This  country  is  rich 
in  gold,  silver,  and  other  metals,  and  they  excel  ia 
many  manufiictures.  "' 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


Sedan,  used  for  carrying  Japanese  Ladies. 


How  pleasantly  this  lady  rides  iii  her  little  carriage ! 

Questions, 


1.  What  can  you  say  of  the  extent  of  Asia? 
What  is  its  length? 
What  is  su{)posed  to  be  the  number  of  its  inhabitants! 

2.  What  kind  of  a  country  is  Turkey  in  Asia  ] 
What  mountains  are  here  ?    What  rivers  1 
What  can  you  say  of  the  i>eople  1 

3.  Whai  can  you  say  of  Russi;i  in  Asia? 
Describe  Siberia. 

4.  Wliat  is  said  of  a  great  part  of  Arabia? 
What  is  said  of  the  climated 

How  do  t[ie  people  travel  across  the  deserts? 
What  is  the  character  of  the  Arabs? 
What  is  said  of  their  horses? 
What  kind  of  life  do  tliey  live? 

5.  What  can  you  say  ot  Persia? 
Wlwit  is  the  character  of  the  people? 
Wliat  are  brought  from  Persia  ? 

6.  What  can  you  say  of  the  people  of  Tartary  ? 
Whatof  the  climate? 

What  can  you  say  of  the  men?    What  of  the  women? 
How  do  they  live? 

7.  Wliat  can  you  isjiy  of  Hindostan  ? 

Wliat  European  nation  lias  conquered  a  great  part  of  it? 
What  towns  are  Calcutta  and  Bainbay  1 
&  What  sort  of  a  people  are  tlie  Hindoos? 


kj. 


77 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 

What  13  their  colour? 
How  are  they  divided  ? 

^Vmt  IS  said  of  the  Birman  Empire?         "«* 
v\  Jiat  are  the  people  said  to  be  fond  of? 

in  wi''^™^^'??'"';'^^  ^^"  ^^"t  anwng  the  Birmese? 
*^--;v^^^'«««»d  of  the  Siamese?      ^     «  """mese? 

n  hat  of  die  Malays? 

1 1.  >\  hat  is  said  of  the  Chinese  Empire  ? 

What  IS  said  of  the  towns  and  cfies  of  China? 

How  doT'  V^'  ^'^'".  °^  *'^«  Chinese?  ^ 

How  do  they  shave  their  heads? 

19  Wh  !         '^  •'^''™^"  ^^""'^  of  entail  feet? 
aJti      ^^""tries  are  subject  to  China  ? 

13  wrl  ''f/°"  ^y  °f  ^^i"««e  Tartary? 
if"  ^u^  °^  ^^'°  people  of  Thibet  ?  ^ 

14.  What  can  vou  say  of  tlie  Japanese? 

LESSON  TWENTY-NINTH. 

ASIATIC  ISLANDS. 

1.  There  U  a  large  island  at  the  southern  nnint  ^r 

2.  In  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  Amerira  nnrl  a  • 
there  is  a  vast  multitude  of  islands,  fomeoTthemter^ 
large,  and  containing  many  inhabitant™  ""  "^''^ 

^.  The  prmcipal  of  these  islands  are  Sumatra  Tav, 
Borneo,  and  a  group  called  the  Philippine  iSes'S 
are  between  New-Holland  and  Asia^^  ^^^ 

4.  Ihere  are  many  other  groups  of  islands  scattered 


if 


78 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


ili 


through  the  Pacific,  such  as  the  Moluccas,  the  Friendly 
Lsles,  the  Society  Islands,  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and 
many  others. 

5.  From  Sumatra  we  get  pepper;  from  Java  we  geii 
coffee ;  diamonds  are  brought  from  Borneo ;  from  the 
Moluccas  we  get  spices. 


Society  Islanders.  Sandwich  Islanders. 

6.  The  Sandwich  Islands  are  interesting  to  us,  on 
account  of  some  missionaries  having  lately  gone  among 
tlie  people  to  teach  them  Christianity.  These  mission- 
aries have  had  great  success. 

Questions, 

1.  Where  is  Ceylon!    To  whom  does  it  bclon^r?    Wliat  does  it  produce  1 
&  What  are  die  principal  of  the  Asiatic  Islands  1 
Where  is  Javal     Sumatra  1    Borneo?      The  Philippine   laleal    The  Molawaal    THe 
b  riondly  Isles  1    The  Society  Isl  >s1    The  Sandwich  Isles  1 
B.  What  do  we  ^et  from  Sumatra  7  Javal    What  are  brought  from  Borneo  1    The  MoIuc^mI 
o.  Wuy  are  tuebandwicU  Ifiluuda  iutfireaiingi 


GEOGRAPHT  FOR  CHILDREN. 


79 


LESSON  THIRTIETH. 

■  HISTORY  OP  ASIA. 

place  in  Asia.  The  Garden  nf  p!i  .^^^tf  ment  took 
and  Eve  were  placed  wt  in  fst"'  T'^^f /^am 
where  Noah:sA'rk  rested,  is  Z  /sia       ''•^^*  ^-^^*' 

.W?edS?er^^^^^^  of  Israel 

to  Moses ;    Jerusalem,   where   Chrir.f  appeared 
"iost  remarkable  miracles :  are  alT  in  isir^™''^  ''^ 

and  when  yS Ifo Mer  von  .h"  ff "  y^\^f^^  things, 


„,,,  ...        ,  Picture  of  the  Worli 


*!' 


80 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


I: 


5.  God  made  a  man  and  a  woman,  called  Adam  and 
Eve,  and  placed  them  in  a  beautiful  garden,  in  Asia; 
probably  in  some  part  of  Turkey  in  Asia.  Here  he  told 
them  they  might  live  in  peace  and  happiness,  if  they 
would  serve  and  obey  him.  But  unhappily,  they  chose 
to  disobey  him,  and  accordingly  they  were  driven  out 
of  their  beautiful  garden,  and  obliged  to  support  them- 
selves by  the  labour  of  their  hands. 

6.  The  children  and  descendants  of  Adam  and  Eve 
peopled  the  land,  and  extended  themselves  into  various 
countries.  They  became  very  wicked,  and  God  sent  a 
fearful  flood  of  waters  over  the  world,  and  drowned 
them  all  except  Noah  and  his  family,  who  were  saved 
in  a  great  ship,  called  an  ark. 

7.  The  world  was  soon  peopled  again  by  the  de- 
scendants of  Noah.  Some  of  them  went  into  various 
parts  of  Asia,  some  went  into  Europe,  and  some  into 
Africa.  At  what  time  the  first  inhabitants  of  America 
came  into  it  we  cannot  tell. 

Questions. 

1.  Where  did  the  principal  events  recorded  in  the  Old  Testament  take  place  1 
Where  was  the  Garden  of  Edenf    Mount  Ararat? 

2.  Where  was  the  wilderness  in  which  the  Israelites  journeyed  )    Mount  Sinai  7    Jerusalem  1 

3.  Is  not  tlie  history  of  Asia  interesting? 

4.  How  long  is  it  since  the  world  was  created  1 
6.  Where  did  God  place  Adam  and  Eve? 

6.  Who  peopled  the  land  in  Asia? 
'  7.  Who  peopled  Asia,  Europe,  and  Africa,  after  the  flood  1 


iMMMailliMMliM 


GEOGR  iPHY  FOR  CH.    DRiiN. 
LESSON  THIRTY-FIRST. 

HISTORY  OP  ASIA  CONTINUED. 


81 


The  Deluge. 

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GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


natnre  of  the  events  related,  and  partly  on  account  of 
tlie  beautiful  simplicity  with  which  they  are  told 

4  The  general  lesson  to  be  learnt  from  the  Old  1  es> 
lament  is  this:  that  God  has  established  a  strict  con- 
nexion, in  this  world,  between  obedience  to  him  and 
happiness;  and  between  disobedience  and  unhappmess. 

5  If  you  will  carefully  read  the  Old  Testament,  you 
wll  find  that  while  an  individual,  or  a  people,  or  a.  na- 
tion, obeyed  and  served  God,  they  were  happy.  When 
they  departed  from  his  laws  and  became  wicked  and 
disobedient,  then  they  became  miscralile. 

6  The  same  thing  is  true  now.  Wicked  nations  and 
v^lcked  people  soon  become  unhappy ;  while  the  good 
and  virtuous  generally  live  in  peace.  Sucii,  the  L.i.)Ie 
teaches  us,  was  the  case  in  the  early  ages  of  the  world; 
Buch  it  is  now;  and  such,  doubtless,  it  will  ever  be. 

7  Let  us  always  keep  in  mind,  that  the  great  and 
ffood  Being  Avho  made  tliis  vast  world,  and  who  sup- 
ports it  by  his  power;  who  made  us,  and  who  watches 
over  us;  hates  wickedness  and  loves  virtiie;  that  he 
punishes  cruelty,  unkindncss,  and  falsehood ;  and  that 
lie  rewards  those  who  love  truth,  and  are  good,  kinU, 
gcaitle,  and  affectionate. 

I.  About 'low  long  rrom  llic  crrntion  tn  the  fltxid,  or  cljliisol 

About  how  loiil;  niio  wnn  tlie  (l.hi«e  1 
o  U  th^  liwtorv  o'l  ir  Old  TcslaToriit  nlltnie  I  ,  .-c  i  r  _  .i.*  .t...- 

i'  What  parts  of  the  history  of  the  Old  Tcstau.ont  c:m  yuu  moiUon  OS  bc:.uuna  for  the  ,1uh 
plicily  witli  which  tlicy  (irc  lohil 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


83 


i'  Wh"!  ""r""^  ^^''""  ''  *"  ^^  '^«'""t  from  the  Old  Testament  1 

5.  What  W.I!  yon  flna  on  a  careful  |.erusal  of  the  Old  Testament  1 

6.  Is  the  same  tliiri<r  true  .low?  ^eswinem  f 

7.  What  should  we  always  keep  in  mind? 


LESSON  THIRTY-SECOND. 

HISTORY  OF  ASIA  CONTINUED. 


1 .  The  most  remarkable  event  in  the  history  of  Asia 
IS  the  co)nin.«:  of  Jesus  Christ.  Thi^'  took  i>]ace  ]830 
years  a^^o.  He  was  born  in  Palestine,  which  you  will 
see  on  (lie  map  of  Asia. 

2.  I  need  not  give  you  a  particular  history  of  Jesus 
Clinst.  I  presume  you  have  read  it  in  tlie  New  Testa- 
ment.  Before  he  came,  the  world  had  lost,  in  a  ffreat 
measure,  tlie  knowledge  of  God's  will.  Sucli  wn^  the 
Ignorance  ,1  mankind,  that  they  held  pride,  reven^»-e 
cruelly,  and  many  other  vices,  to  be  lawful  and  riffht! 

6  ^ 


84 


GEOGUAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


Humility,  kindness,  jj^entleness,  forgiveness  of  injuries, 
and  charity,  they  nejilier  practised  nor  understood. 

3.  Jesus  Christ  came  to  dissipate  this  darkness  which 
had  gathered  over  the  minds  ot  men.  He  told  them  of 
their  errors ;  he  pointed  out  the  deformity  of  their  doc- 
trines ;  and  set  truth  and  religion  before  them  in  all 
their  beauty.  He  revealed  to  them  God's  will,  his 
strong,  decided,  and  lasting  dislike  of  wickedness,  and 
his  fixed  approbation  of  truth  and  goodness.  He  told 
them  of  the  punishment  which  follows  vice,  and  the 
happiness  which  attends  virtue.  And,  finally,  he  re- 
vealed, as  a  matter  of  certainty,  that  another  life,  and 
one  of  endless  duration,  will  follow  this. 

4.  Not  only  did  Christ  reveal  to  the  Jews  the  princi- 
ples of  virtue  and  religion  by  words,  but  he  displayed 
them  by  iiis  conduct.  Never  has  there  been  a  life  so 
pure  and  spotless  as  his.  Examine  it  closely  as  we 
may,  we  can  find  no  fault.  He  was  the  friend  of  the 
poor;  he  healed  the  sick  ;  he  even  noticed  children,  and 
bestowed  upon  them  his  blessing ;  in  short,  he  spent 
his  life  in  doing  good. 

5.  But,  alas,  he  was  persecuted,  and  cruelly  put  to 
death  !  In  the  agonies  of  a  painful  crucifixion  he  for- 
gave his  enemies.  He  ascended  to  heaven,  and  left  his 
doctrines  and  his  example  to  mankind.  These  have 
been  spread  over  a  great  part  of  the  world,  and  wiiere- 
iver  they  have  gone  they  have  carried  light  with  them. 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN.^ 


S3 

aspect  of  peace  and  beauty.  **" 

J.  Let  us  never,  never,  forget  to  hold  in  deeo  revP 

M)  our  v^  01  Id     But  for  him  we  might  have  been  Jeft  in 
«foj>my  and  desolate  ignorance  of%ur  duty  on  earth 
and  our  destmy  after  death.     Let  us  not  only  Md^^^^^^^^ 

1  \vh„, ;,  .1  Questions. 

UnJ\        •"  """^  "^"""-kaWe  event  in  l|,o  lusto,„  of  Asiat 

^?rdid\^:'';i:'„:r,rii!!;V'"s- »'^--- •'■an  by  word,, 

5.  Was  Cljiist  perst'ciited  and  put  to  death  1 

LESSON  THIRTY-THIRD. 

-     ■ ,  •  »"STORV  OF  ASIA  CONTINUED. 

I.  The  apostles  of  Christ  spread  his  doctrines  infh 
various  pans  of  Asia  Africa  anH  l7.,^^  ""i-irmes  into 

first  onnnsipH  nn,i  fi*'  ^V/  •   '•  ^  "<'^"'^*^P^-     I*  "as  at 
mst  opposed,  and  tli,e  Christians  were  many  of  them 

persecuted,  and  some  of  the  apostles  anc^  iSny  t£ 


86 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


sands  of  their  followers  were  put  to  death  on  account 
ot  their  religion. 


Conversion  of  Conslaminc  to  Christianity  l,y  a  vision 

2.  Constantine,  one  of  the  Roman  emperors,  at  leiijrth 
espoused  ClirLstianity,  and  after  that  period  its  oxt-n' 
sion  was  rapid.     It  became  pormanentiy  established, 
uud  Hi  due  tunc  was  tlie  prevailing  religion  in  Europe 
and  m  nianvpartsof  Asia  and  Africa. 

If .  ufcl''''  3^fS^B^«*l%b«^  At  fllt-0fcod 

^Y^Ar'ik '  "^  ©"M^'^^^-suptmsed  bTniZnl 
pcrtfthjWD*^cjq^45<,f  &  or  thinking,  wn^n^^^ 

1  ^VMioh»^o^4»|^,dlift(>.t;voeai>pointed';  .so 
alter  many  years  tliere  ihi:^h6>tdiMU4^&t^dmnt^ 
whom  \yeiemm^ad!a£ii^Sti»jJlf^r"'-^-^ — ^ 


sj,«ti  t-V^ 


imUf 


GEOGRAPIIV  FOR  cmi.DREX 


87 


111  BoiAft^lBfafe  Asia 


'^^'^f^ 


l*^little  soverei 


gm 


^  What  did  tl^  apostlns  of  Cln-ist  ^1^^^^^^' 

How  was  Christianity  first  received  ? 
^^^WJm  emperw  a^  lo^  a  Christian  7 


'rt9lT>cgJ>et1^a4ien^^ 

1  <lial)^%S|piia\rf.]Wrf)>8'^^ 


LESSON  THIRTY-FOURTH 

people  of  A..  S^KSlLrKa^f^; 


88 


I 


GEOGRArnv  FOR  CHILDREN. 


» 


"poa  those  who  do,'^;T^T:iffitv;d  his  ho^k  and 

.00,.  c^nqnered  all  Arabia  and  a  part  of  SyriT"^'-  '"'^ 

4.  Mahomet  died  at  length,  at  the  age  ofGl ;  Jjut  his 

r  Ji'Sr'  '^*'"'*'^  '"^  •^•^^*™^«  ^-'  establi'slS  1,  s 
rckg  on  over  a  great  part  of  Asia,  and  parts  of  Africa 

iiometans  in  various  countries  is  very  great. 


Xerxes  and  hu  army. 


'^/» 

**^* 


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Africa 
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GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


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5.  Persia  was  once  a  very  rich  and  powerful  kinffdom 
tar  more  so,  than  it  is  now.  Xerxes,  one  of  its  kings' 
once  went  with  a  vast  army  to  conquer  Greece.  Greece 
was  a  small  country,  but  the  people  showed  such  cou- 
rage, that  Xerxes  returned  in  despair,  saying  that  a 
people  so  brave  could  not  be  conquered. 

6.  The  history  of  China,  too,  which  reaches  badk 
niany  hundred  years  before  Christ,  would  be  interest- 
mg,  but  we  have  not  time  to  attend  to  it  now. 

Questions, 

,  1.  How  long  after  Christ  did  Mahomet  appear  7 

Where  was  Mahomet  born  t  ■ 

What  did  he  pretend  7 

'' 2.  What  did  Mahomet  write  1  '  , 

Who  behove  in  the  Koran  as  we  do  in  the  Bible  1 

Is  the  Koran  true  1  .        ■ 

3.  What  did  Mahomet  do  to  those  who  doubted  or  disbelieved  the  Koran  1  '  '  '•         ' 

4.  How  old  was  M.ihomet  when  he  died? 
What  did  his  successors  do  7 

Are  the  Mah.)nietans,  or  believers  in  Uie  Koran,  numerous  nowl 

5.  W  hat  was  Persia  onc«  ? 

What  kinjj  of  Pn-da, vent  with  a  vast  army  against  Greece  1 
Wliat  d)(l  Xerxes  and  his  army  dol 

6.  How  far  back  docs  the  history  of  China  extend?  -         i 


LESSON  THIRTY-FIFTH. 

MAP  OF  AFRICA.  *^ 

r  1.  Africa  is  a  very  large  country.  It  is  sometimes 
called  a  contment;  but  it  is  properly  a  great  peninsula, 
united  to  the  Eastern  continent  by  the  Isthmus  of  Suez. 
A  great  part  of  it  is  unknown  to  us,  and  many  por- 
tions ot  It  are  inhabited  by  ignorant  and  weak  people. 
d.  Some  of  the  principal  countries  of  Africa  are,  Bar- 

ant  ' 


i 

I 


90 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


bary,  Egypt,  Abyssinia,  Guinea,  Congo,  country  of  the 
Hottentots,  English  Colony  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
3.  The  principal  ranges  of  mountains  are  Atlas,  and 
Mountains  of  the  Moon. 

^  4.  The  principal  rivers  are,  the  Niger,  Nile,  Congo, 
Gambia,  Senegal,  and  Rio  Grande. 

5.  The  principal  seas  are  the  Red  Sea  and  the  Medi- 
terranean. 

6.  On  the  western  side  of  Africa  is  an  nnmense  de- 
sert, called  Sahara. 

7.  The  principal  towns  are,  Cairo,  Alexandria,  Algiers, 
Morocco,  Tunis,  Tripoli,  Cape  Town,  and  Tombuctoo. 

Questions, 

1.  Describe  Africa. 

2.  What  are  some  of  the  principal  countries  of  Africa  1 

3.  What  are  tlie  principal  ranges  of  mountains  1 

4.  What  are  the  principal  rivers? 
C.  What  are  the  j)riijcipal  s'^'as  ? 

i.  What  desert  is  on  the  western  side  of  Africa? 

7.  What  are  the  principal  towns?  ' 


LESSON  THIRTY-SIXTH. 

QUESTIONS  ON   THE  MAP. 

How  is  Africa  '   -inded? 

In  what  part  o.  Africa  is  Barbary?  Guinea?  Congo?  Abyssinia?  Egypt?  Morocco? 
Barca?  The  Hottentots'  country?  Tunis?  Angola?  Adel?  Mozambique?  Ajaul 
Triphl    Ethiopia?     Bcnguela?     Sofala?  i  J  ^' 

Where  does  the  River  Senegal  empty?    The  Nile?    The  Gambia? 

Where  does  the  Niger  empty? 

Anstcer.     It  is  not' known  where  it  empties,  as  the  interior  of  Africa  is  little  understood. 

It  runs  from  east  to  west,  and  probably  is  lost  in  some  irreat  sand  desert 
In  what  direction  does  the  Nile  run  ?     the  Senegal  ?     The  Gaxnbia  ? 
In  what  direction  is  the  Cape  of  Good  Ho,5e  from  Egypt?    Adel  from  Guinea?    Congo 

from  Barca?    The  Red  Sea  from  S.:ihara?    Straits  of  Gibraltar  from  Madagascar? 

St.  Helena  from  Cairo?    Cairo  from  Jerusalem?  »e       '  * 


# 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN.  9J 

^^^Xr-''-'  ^^-^-^-'^  Ascension,  Canary  I..,  St.  Thonl., 
B<.iw.«,.  „,.,.  „„,„,,,  „f  ^^l  0^    The  a,ld  C«^.,    Tl„  Ivory  Ccm 

)arca!     M„nK-co1  3<-oiro!      Tumsl      CongoJ      Cape  if  Good  Hope t 

J''  '■'oyv^oi  tAiglandJ    Morocco  or  Italy  ] 

LESSON  THIRTY-SEVENTH. 

AFRICA. 

'>er  of  its  inhabitant^  «.  f  '^'''^'?'*  *^  *^"  the  num- 
number  to  be  about  V.  5<r  ^  ^''^™^'^  ™«'  «"PPose  tlie 
all  America    bJ^^ZSlX^r^^  *'^^  «^™«  ^«  ''i 

travellers  have  endeav^^^rJd  to  pass  intoTh  ^'^''^^ 
but  t  lev  have  been  t.ii^Ti  V    .1  ^        "^t'^  t"®  country, 

by  acci JeXr  disease         ^^  ''''  P""?^^'  «^  ^^^^^  die^d 

Tripoli.     The  peo2  of  ^  '      ^  '"'  '^™^''  ^"^ 

little  better  tLrSates     T?  '''"°*"''  ^""^  ^'''^^^•'^"y 


"1 

-If. 


92 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


5.  The  people  of  Egypt  are  more  civilized  and  better 
governed  than  the  inhabitants  of  Barliary.  The  present 
governor  of  Egypt  is  a  wise  prince,  and  he  has  introduced 
many  of  the  arts  of  Europe  into  his  country.  The  plague, 
a  dreadful  and  fatal  disease^  is  common  in  Egypt. 

6.  Abyssinia,  is  a  mountainous  country,  and  the  peo- 
ple are  ignorant  and  uncivilized. 

7.  Guinea  includes  an  extensive  region  on  the  vrest- 
ern  coast  of  Africa.  The  country  produces  ivory,  of 
which  we  make  combs  and  many  ornaments.  Ivory 
is  the  teeth  of  elephants.  Here  is  a  pic-ure  of  a  rich 
person  travelling  in  Guinea. 


'  8.  Guinea  also  produces  gold.  The  people  of  this 
and  some  other  parts  of  Africa  go  to  war,  and  if  they 
tnke  prisoners  they  sell  them  for  slaves.  Negroes  were 
fust  brought  into  America  as  slaves.  The  slave  trade 
is  prohibited  by  most  of  the  govermnents  in  Europe 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


(1  better 
present 
reduced 
5  plague, 
pt. 
tlie  peo- 

le  west- 

iOTJj  oi' 

Ivory 

f  a  ricii 


93 


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of  this 

I  if  they 
es  were 
e  trade 
Europe 


,       .  .  A  Funeral  in  Guinea. 

and  Amerjca  now ;  but  souie  base  and  wicked  men 
sti  1  send  ships  to  Africa  for  slaves.  These  slaves  they 
f^ell  in  the  West  Indies,  South  America,  and  the  south- 
ern  part  of  the  United  States.  They  are  ffenerallv 
made  to  labour  very  hard. 


Q     T'K^  IT,./* 


Hottentot^?. 


iOMCiiiOifs  are  jgnorant  and  barbarous.  Their 
climate  is  very  warm,  and  the  people  can  live  with  very 


94 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


hotter  n^nJL  !?^^"1^"  ^*?  f'lnk,  however,  that  thev  are  a 
o  hi   W     ^'*'"*  ''^y  ^^'^^^  ''een  generally  representt^d 
fo   Th.Tr°P'l-"f  exceedingly  fond  of  oz?  aS  , 


Negroes  andson.eCrV  iCMo"'""-^  "i^''?"^'  ^"""'' 
black;  tliey  are  trencherm./  ^  'f  ''"''^  ''''"■^''  '»"'^  ""t 
The  people  of  Slv  ^ '''"'^ '™1  *"  "'^''^  enen.ies. 
Moors'  The  western  Z'  ^'^^^}' .''"''  «"*^'-  P^'^^>  are 
ted  by  Negroer  who  n^  ''"^  ''"  "^'•^™'-  '-^'^  i^^'-^bi- 
r    itxvii©.     xae  negroes  m  nil  noiit.f«;^.. /»     ^    .» 


\m 


4. 
6. 


41 


ut,  and 
^y  are  a 
Cvsented 
uiients. 
consists 
iprove- 
by  tJie 


e  said 
some 
lit  not 
?mies. 
s,  are 
ihabi- 
thei 


r 


nil  ol 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


95 


Moor 


s. 


faucing.     Some  traveller  has  remarked  That 
t!.e  sun  goes  doun,  all  Africa  dances.        ' 

Qucstmis. 


when 


8 
9 

10. 

11. 


I.  NVIiat  is  thn  lonsrth  of  Africa? 
V>  iijit  is  lis  widtli] 

Wimt,  is  said  to  be  its  ..uhiIht  of  inhahiinnts? 

4.  Uliiit  istljeircliMnntPr? 
\\  "";.•'!»  you  say  of  F^vpt? 

7   W  r',  d'"  ^r''  •'■"  "!"'"  Ahy«siuiiy 
/.  v»  (1..1  d„,.s  Guincn  include  1 

>>  lilt  (!(,,.«  the  country  ,;r,Khir^ 7 

^^;.    M,,t.,fpn,,,,!r,„rofheH<.tt..ntolK? 


r!  J  ,--. 


Iiinicfprof  thoM.HUH? 


A 


nrri  ruv  iiiiiaiMt..d  !jy  Moorst 

igroeal 


*«-t  pariH  of  Africa  ur«  mimbitod  b^-  x\' 


96 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHIT,DREN. 


'i 


LESSON  THIRTY-EIGHTH. 

AFRICAN  ISLANDS.  i 

1.  There  are  several  islands  around  Africa,  such  as 
Madeira,  Cape  Verd  Islands,  St.  Helena,  Madagascar, 
Bourbon,  Isle  of  France,  and  others. 

2.  Madeira  is  under  the  governnjent  of  Portugal,  and 
is  celebrated  for  its  wine,  Y^hich  is  sent  to  all  parts  of 
the  world. 

3.  The  Cape  Verd  Islands  are  14  in  number,  and 
alsf  belong  to  Portugal.  The  climate  is  delightful  in 
these  islands.  They  produce  wine,  sugar,  and  spirits. 
One  of  these  islands,  called  Teneriffe,  has  a  very  high 
peak,  which  may  be  seen  at  sea  120  mile^.  Here  is  a 
picture  of  the  Peak  of  Teneriffe. 


4.  St.  Helena  is  famous  for  having  been  the  place  to 
which  Napoleon  Bonaparte  was  sent,  and  where  he  died  a 
few  years  ago,  as  I  have  before  told  you.  It  is  a  rockv 
jsiand,  far  in  the  sea,  and  is  a  lonely  and  desolate  place. 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN; 


ich  as 
ascar, 

1,  and 
rts  of 

i 
r,  and 
ful  in 
pirits. 
high 
e  is  a 


ce  to 
lied  a 
(K'kv 
lace. 


97 

f .in    mf  ^^?'f  ^:  ^"  ^^'g^^  tli^n  the  island  of  Great  Bri- 

Se     SS^'T  "''  ^^"^^'  "^^  ^«  ^^  ^J«^-«t  ravage 
Tn      I     u  """^f ''  supposed  to  be  3  or  4  millions 

fortifications     Fn^ff'f '"  ''  celebrated  for  its  strong 

to  resist  an  attack  with  cannon.     The  Isle  of  France 
was,  however,  taken  by  the  English  in  1810  ' 

I  wi,  ♦  1   .       .  Questions. 

Sju       .1}'^^  ^^^  *'^ere  around  Africa? 
Where  13  Madeira  ?        (See  Map ) 

What  do  they  produce  1 

Which  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands  has  a  venr  high  peak? 
How  far  may  this  peak  be  seen  at  seal        >"'snpeak7 
Where  IS  St.  Helena? 
<•  _S5^hy  is  St.  Helena  famous? 

What  sort  of  an  island  is  St.  Helena? 
Where  is  Madagascar? 

What  wit  celebrated  for? 

When  was  it  taken  by  the  English? 

LESSON  THIRTY-NINTH. 

HISTORY  OF  AFRICA. 

bv  .avZoS  H  *  P"*  ''^^^^''^  ^^'  «^^^  ''«^»  '"habited 
D\  NaA  age  or  barbarous  people,  who  had  no  books  and  n« 

...oans  ol  recording  ancTpreservinir  their  1"^.^^''''"^"! 

oiuy  countries  m  Africa  of  which  a  h.«:ory  h'as  b'een 


i 


'4^ 


98 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


i  { 


preserved,  are  Egypt  and  the  countries  along  the  Medi- 
terranean  Sea  and  the  Red  Sea. 

2.  The  ancients,  as  far  back  as  the  time  of  the  Romans, 
that  is,  about  2000  years  ago,  had  some  little  knowledge 
of  the  interior  of  Africa;  but  this  knowledge  was 
slight,  and  throws  no  light  upon  its  previous  history. 

3.  Until  within  three  or  four  hundred  years,  almost 
the  whole  of  Africa,  except  the  northern  and  north 
eastern  part,  has  been  unknown ;  and  it  is  probable  that 
for  many  ages  the  greater  part  of  this  vast  land  has  re- 
mamed  much  the  same  as  now ;  inhabited  by  a  multi- 
tude of  tribes  of  ignorant  and  savage  people. 

4.  The  changes  that  take  place  among  sucluiations  are 
not  very  great.  They  have  their  wars,  and  sometimes  a 
wiiole  tribe  is  killed,  or  perhaps  driven  to  some  other  re- 
gion. Sometimes,  too,  a  fatal  disease  comes  among  them 
and  sweeps  off  a  whole  people.  But  such  things  do  not 
have  a  very  extensive  influence,  and  are  soon  forgotten. 

5.  The  history  of  Egypt  is  very  in  teresting.  You  have 
read  of  Joseph,  in  the  Bible.  You  remember  he  lived  in 
Egypt.  That  was  3550  years  ago,  and  Egypt  was  a  great 
and  floiirishing  country  then.  Thus  you  see  tha^  the 
history  of  Egypt  goes  fiirther  back  tlian  tliat  of  Europe. 

6.  I  Iiaraoh,  you  remember,  was  king  of  Egypt,  and 
was  cruel  to  the  people  of  Israel.  He  was  sorely  pun- 
islied   liowevcr,  and  his  armies  were  swallowed  up  in 


and 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN.  99 

learned  men  in  Esvnt      «n  u       '  *.  '"^  ^^""^  many 

that  in  those  anciSays  fwforThre^tt  '"T^^^'^"  ' 
ago,  those  who  wished  tn  rioV     •  V  "^^^  thousand  years 

to  go  from  G^elS   and  fSi^uf  r  r'*.*"^"™'"^^^^^^ 

%ypra?iLw7f:.t„SS  frj  The  people  of 
other  parts  of  the^wori&lf  '     °**  degraded ;  Avhile 
9.  If  you  were  tHi  .  ^^PPy  ^"^  enlightened.      ' 

serve  maVprro^'fS  tllV'S^r^'^,^'^^^  ""- 
some  stupendous  monumemrexkHnf  ;k  ^^'^'^^re 

as  high^  oKfctX'-*  ^'"  ^'^*"'^^'  *^^- 

deep":  ™Sg":a:src"?>         *-«  -« 

bodies  of  peoBle  who  dip?.  *^^  .'"'"'''"'  ^"  ^l^'^h  the 
ago  are  sUII^iS^d  fc^^^^^^  ^'^""^^"d  years 
and  thus  saved  from  H  J  °^'^®  were  embalmed, 

Egypt  are  soiC  brS^  T.^."^"^^^  ''«'^'^«  fr^"* 
hiWted  as  a  show  and  «r^^^,^*^''  •^"''"t^y-  and  ex- 

of  embalming  together  w^.r'"'^  "^""T'^''  ^he  art 
totheEgyptfanXo^S    ""^"^  ^^^er  arts  known 

--     ^.^  ,uu,iy  uangs  interesting  in  Egv^u 


100 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


I 


There  are  many  curious  ruins  there  which  show  the 
power  and  wealth  of  its  former  kings. 

12.  Egypt  is  a  flat  country,  and  every  year  it  is  over- 
flowed by  the  River  Nile.  This  makes  the  land  very 
Iruitful;  and  notwithstanding  the  degraded  state  of  the 
inhabitants,  parts  of  Egypt  are  still  beautiful. 

13.  There  was  a  great  city  in  what  is  now  called 
Barbary,  about  2000  years  ago,  named  Carthage.  It 
was  very  powerful,  and  for  a  long  time  resisted  Rome 
with  success. 

14.  Carthagp  had  a  famous  genej  al,  called  Hannibal, 
who  went  with  the  Carthagenian  armies  against  the 
Roman  armies.     Hannibal  often  beat  the  Romans,  but 
he  was  at  length  beaten,  and  the  city  of  Carthage  wa. 
reduced  to  a  heap  of  ruins. 

15.  Carthage  was  situated  near  Tunis.  There  ari 
some  remains  of  it  still  to  be  seen. 

Questions. 

*•  ^y  whom  has  the  greater  part  of  Africa  been  ever  inhabited  7 
Ot  what  portion  of  Africa,  only,  has  the  history  been  preserved  1 

2.  Had  the  ancients  any  knowledge  of  the  interior  of  Africa  "^ 

3.  How  Ir.ng  since  is  it  Uiat  almost  tJie  whole  of  Africa,  except  Egypt  and  the  counUies  alon.* 

tlie  Mediterranean,  was  unknown 7  f      o^r  o 

G.  Is  the  history  of  Et^ypt  interesting? 

Have  you  read  the  history  of  Joseph  in  the  Bible  1 
Where  did  Joseph  live? 

How  long  ago  is  it  that  Joseph  lived  in  Egypt? 
What  kind  of  a  country  was  Egypt  then  ? 

*•  S?"  Y''^  ^''*^  ^'"^  ^^  ^^?yP^  ^hat  treated  the  Israelites  crueUy? 
What  b.  came  of  Pharaoh's  army? 

7,  Were  there  not  many  learned  men  in  Egypt  two  or  throe  thousand  years  ago? 

l^or  what  purpose  did  men  go  to  Egypt  from  Greece,  and  various  p^rta  of  Eui'ope  and  AsLi, 
__in  ancient  days ?  '  r  r  > 

8.  What  change  has  taken  place  iji  Egypt? 


3W  the 

s  over- 

d  very 

of  the 

called 
fe.  It 
Rome 

inibal, 
ist  the 
LSj  but 
;e  wa. 

re  ari 


jies  along 


and  Asi.1, 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN.  JQ 

ja  What  are  the  SCmt,   ""'  '"«''  "^  "-^y  '    ""w  long  sin«  they  were  built7 

i-i  Wlmtsortof  aajunfrvisEo-vnt?     P„     i    .    • 

,     ^f '^^  of  this  flood ?  "^P'      ^y  ^^'»^t  river  is  it  annually  overflowed ?    What  in  the 

16.  Where  was  Carthage  situated?  ^      ^^^^  did  Hannibal  do?  What  was  the  fate  of  Carthage? 

LESSON  FORTIETH. 

^       ^  .  NEW-HOLLAND. 

geneially considered  in  islS    l,f,  i,  .'^""■"""•■■d  i» 

bylhJS'^X'Jl'Jtrd'T"'? '''"""'''' 
and  are  very  rtorr  K  ar^Sn "  i°'°™''  '^"l"''' 
Aeir  appearance  is  di"g'Sle     ™''^  '^'"■''"''  ■""• 

near  mZyllT"  rfiS"  ^,"«"'''!  ""•*  ■•'  ««™»nt 

^/^^y  IS  esteemed  a  very  severe  punishment 

nLSZr^Z^t^::^.^  NewPnoi-r The 
Jackson,  is  L  kJgest  ^''''  '"'"  '^'  ''^  "^^^  Port 

.nn,l  n.„I :..?:.!, ^™^'.  tJ"**    Inland   is  little  knoxvn 

-  -  -  ^-x..»viiw  jiuie  mat  is  interesting.  '' 


I 


1 


102 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


6.  There  is  an  English  settlement  on  Van  Diemen's 
Land,  an  island  to  the  south  of  New-Holland.  Here 
is  a  picture  of  a  branch  of  what  is  called  the  bread- 


fruit tree,  found  in  New-Holland  and  the  Asiatic 
islands.  The  people  eat  the  fruit  of  this  tree,  which  is 
said  to  be  very  much  like  nice  wheat  bread. 

Questions, 

Where  is  New-Hollandl 

What  is  New-HoHand  consideredl 

What  might  it  well  be  called? 

By  wliom  is  the  greater  part  of  New-Holland  inhabited'? 

Describe  the  natives  of  New-Holland. 

How  long  since  the  EngUsh  made  a  setdement  at  Botany  Bay? 

On  which  side  of  New-Holland  is  Botany  Bayf 

Whom  do  the  English  government  send  to  New-Holland  1 

What  is  being  sent  to  New-Holland  esteemed? 

What  is  the  largest  river  in  New-Holland  1 

Where  does  the  Ha wkesbury  River  empty  1 

Are  tliere  any  mountains  in  New-HoV  .nd? 

Is  New- Holland  much  known  t 

What  settlement  is  there  at  Van  Diemen's  Lauid  t 

IKfi :-  v_„  Tv:_.„ — 1_  T 1 1  • 


iemen's 

Here 

bread- 


Asiatic 
ihidi  is 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 
LESSON  FORTY-FIRST. 

VARIOUS  MATTERS  AND  THINGS. 


103 


info  diSta?:^  fcor t"f  i;tr  w^^^^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  -^^^ 

Europe  is  divided  into  Fmnce  Soa^n  P^E  i  ^"""^^  ^^^"^^  ^^^  ^^^^^ 
countries  are  inhabited  brpeop^S^  how  these  various 

Questions. 

J.  What  is  meant  bjr  the  natural  divisions  of  the  earth  ? 

>>  hy  are  the  divisions  of  hmd  and  water  called  natural  divisions? 

What  does  natural  geography  treat  or  tell  of  ?  ^'Visions? 

''•  ^'^at  IS  meant  by  civil  divisions  ? 

What  does  civil  geographv  include  1 

Wh«t*  ?       '"'"'t"  '^  ^^'^?  ^^^^  "«*"^a'  a«d  civil  geo-raphy  1 
What  does  moral  geography  tell  or  treat  of?  b^ograpny^ 

*s  moral  geography  interesting  J 


■¥ 


104 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


I  i 

'  t 


LESSON  FORTY-SECOND. 

PARLEY   TELLS  ABOUT  CIVILIZATION. 

L  Here  is  a  picture  of  some  savages.  They  live  principally  by  hunt- 
ing and  fishing,  They  have  various  methods  of  catching  wild  game,  such 
as  bears,  doer,  buffaloes,  rabbits  and  other  animals  and  birds  of  differeiil 


kinds.    They  also  have  various  modes  of  catching  fish. 


2.  These  people  seldom  cultivate  the  land,  and  when  they  do  they  culti- 
vate it  poorly.  Their  houses  are  often  poor  huts,  made  of  sticks  and  mud 
Sometimes  they  are  made  of  poles,  or  sticks  put  together  like  log  houses 
Tliey  generally  go  naked  or  nearly  so.  They  have  little  knowledge  of  the 
nrts  by  which  comfortable  houses  are  built,  or  good  clothes  made,  or  good 
food  cooked.  They  have  no  books,  and  they  are  generally  poor,  ignorant, 
and  miserable.    They  are  also  generally  cruel. 

3.  A  large  portion  of  the  earth  is  inhabited  by  people  in  this  savage 
state.  The  western  part  of  North  America,  the  southern  part  of  Soull: 
America,  many  of  the  Asiatic  and  African  Islands,  New-Holland,  the  in- 
terior and  western  and  southern  part  of  Africa,  are  all  in  this  condition. 

4.  Here  is  a  picture  of  some  roving  tribes  who  live  principally  by  pas- 
turage, and  are  in  a  state  called  barbarous.    They  have  droves  of  cattle^ 


by  hunt- 
Line,  such 
differeiU 


ley  culti  - 
md  mud 
J  houses 
^G  of  the 
,  or  good 
ignorant, 


s  savage 
of  Soull: 
i,  the  in- 
ition. 
T  by  pas- 
of  cattle. 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN.  IQS 

rattle  from  place  to  pk4^  XZro,  rn'"/'"'\''"'^  move  with  their 
himimiity.  '^  Barbarous   nations  have   generally   liti],, 

TlL"Sio„s  ft;ru„l?sT^d'"h;"frt"ofri.'^^^*  ^'«  ^^''^-i  <='-"-«■ 
dothes  for  wearing  aXhat  Low  hi  ,'''!,'''''"S  ^'^'^  •«'"''««'  makin.r 
for  food,  are  called  ctiTzedTherinerTlWr'"''  "5  '•"'''  ^''S^'^Wes  w.li 
which  io  to  varioii/pTrts  of  tWinrlfl  f '^  'T  ""  '°r"'' ''"''  ^ave  ships, 

ftcturelof  one  countryTr'thtTinothr'Thl^  ts'cSt'  """  '"^""- 
tivilized  countries  are  by  far  the  happiest  commerce. 


and«y  ?h^tlCterrc"ol^orA™^  '"'  T*"™  P"'  "^  AfnV^ 

t"-^  'u  China,  and  the  Janan  Mp,  IT'"'"  V^  '^'P''^"'-  The  inhabi- 
very  ingenious  in  the  r  maSctf.l?  h^„T  "T  *°u''""<'  ''°"^^^'  '>"<3  "^R 
knowledge  of  the  vario^  arts  wS  .1  ''^  '''''"'  ''J'  ""  ""'^"'^  ^«  ""'«!» 
able  and  happy,  as  ^^Ze'Z^evlZ^'IZTZl  i!  Tf^"^  -"il°«- 


, n^^j  ec.iu  oixici  puns  oi  iiiU  rope. 


have  in  Enor- 

o 


lOG 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


10.  You  must  also  understand  that  there  are  some  nations,  as  the  Hin- 
doos, that  are  in  a  middle  state,  between  civilization  and  barbarism. 
There  are  others,  also,  that  partake  both  of  the  barbarous  and  savage  state. 

li.  In  general  a  nation  is  cniel  in  proportion  as  it  is  savap^e.  People 
are  generally  humane  and  kind  in  proportion  as  they  are  civilized. 


1. 
2. 


Que 


^  lestions, 

Hpw  do  savapres  live  ? 

Do  savuges  cultivate  the  earth  T 

What  kind  of  houses  have  savages  1 

How  do  they  dress  1 

Dw  thoy  know  iiow  to  huild  good  houses'? 

Bo  they  know  how  to  make  good  clothes? 

Do  they  know  how  to  cook  meat  and  vegetables  so  as  to  make  good  foe  J 1 

Have  tliey  any  l)ooks7 

Are  savages  ignorant?    Are  they  rich  7    Are  they  happy? 

3.  What  parts  of  the  world  are  inhabited  by  savages? 

4.  How  do  those  nations  live  which  are  called  barbarous? 
What  kind  of  houses  have  they? 

Have  they  any  knowledge  of  tlie  arts  of  clothing  and  cooking  good  food? 

6.  Wl»at  parts  of  the  world  art  inhabited  by  barbarous  nations? 

7.  What  people  are  called  civilized? 

What  arts  do  civilized  nations  understand? 
How  do  they  generally  live? 
What  do  civilized  nations  do  with  ships'? 
What  is  cnnunerce  ? 
What  nations  are  the  happiest? 
What  parts  of  the  world  are  civilized  ? 
Are  uU  civilized  nations  equally  civilized? 
Are  the  inhabitants  of  Japan  and  China  as  highly  civilized  as  the  English,  French,  and 
people  of  the  United  States  ? 

10.  Are  there  not  some  nations  which  combine  tlie  manners  and  habits  of  tlxe  savage  and  Ixur- 

barous  state? 
What  nation  can  you  mention  as  an  example  ? 

11.  Are  not  a  people  cruel  in  proportion  as  they  are  savage? 

Are  they  not  kind  and  humane  in  proportion  as  tliey  are  civilized  ? 


8. 
9. 


LESSON  FORTY-THIRD. 

GOVERNMENT. 

1.  Men  and  women,  like  children,  need  some  gfovernment.  Children 
need  ]>arents  and  ma^sters  to  govern  them ;  that  is,  to  prevent  their  doing 
wrung  and  injuring  each  other,  and  to  make  them  do  their  ds  ty. 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


\  the  Hin- 
jarbarism, 
age  state. 
?.    People 
(1. 


107 


Frcncli.  anj 


nge  and  l>ar- 


Cliildren 
leir  doing 


2  All  countries  have  found  it  necessary  to  have  some  system  of  sovern- 

S^I"""^  '"''""■  "■■  authority  that  shall  make  people  d^  righ7u 
ttiere  was  no  government,  the  strong  would  injure  the  weak  the  wickerf 
would  oppress  the  good.  Various  methods  have  been  adoptid  to  nrevem 
J&ranX"il""'="''  ""  ™  '»  eachindividua,1n^'o''ci!^r^ 

son,  who  makes  the  laws  and  governs  the  people  as  he  rte^s     A?r^ 

palaces,   wnch  are  great  and  splendid   houses.      Sometimes  e^™ 
oTthTpS;^  fheTS.""'  '"  '''"''''  "^"^  --  l'«'^  foXhaTpS 

5   A  country  governed  by  an  emperor,  is  called  an  empire     The  nrin. 
c  pal  empires  m  the  world,  are  Ru£ia,  which  is  the  lar^s  ?n  the  world 
Unna,  which  is  the  oldest  and  most  populous  empire  in  the  world    Zan  ' 
Turkey,  the  emperor  of  which  is  called  the  Porte^r  the  Sn    6uS ' 
Austria ;  Morocco ;  Brazil ;  and  Bornoii  in  Africa!  '  ' 

t>.  A  King  rules  over  one  country,  but  is  very  powerful  and  ffenerallv 
Z'lZ'^tS'^'^f^  ""''  -  h ^'pleases.  Tj:eSe  iJee'ntre'^^^^ 
ZtZ     A  ^  K  ^"^  '"  ^''"f  ""^^  ^^'^  P^oP^e  ruled  by  a  king  are  not  very 

fi^k/  '^''""^'T  f ^''T'^  ^y  ^  ^i"g  i«  ^^"^d  a  kingdom.^  ^ 

1         t*^®  P""F!P^^  kingdoms  in  the  world  are  in  Eurone     France  i«»  tho 

is  of'^F^ran'oe"  V^"'^  T ="'?  "^^^  "'  ^/'''''  «  ^  " '"^^  ^^ 
i_a,mai  oi  i<  ranee.     Great  Britam  has  a  m  xcd  eovernment   and  i«  (he 

sS  ''«'^'»PP"?t  "a«on  ruled  by  a  kinc  in  the  wS     Spain  Potiueal 
k3»m«    "■""'''  ^"''''''  "°"''"'^'  °'  *«  Netherlands,  aSin  Europ^Se 

Th^e''''-.'^"  mir.  V '  nni^'^'^u  T'  ^^^  "''"  king<'«n"  of  considerable  power. 
coveraJhv  .1^  L  wfr""  'J'"?''""'';  "nd  there  are  also  small  states, 

p':r  tr^,htSo:;'z!rg:ven, """" """  """^^"'^  °^ '''"«« -"^  «- 

mw'>ard,'s'''rd''.l'r!l'n"''''  "'"'/i"S»  and  emperors  are  sometimes  called 
monartiis ,  and  their  governments  arc  sometimes  called  monarchies. 


108 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


10.  The  happiest  and  best  kind  of  government  is  a  free  government, 
m  the  United  States  the  government  is  free,  and  is  called  republican.  In 
jmpires  and  kingdoms  the  people  have  nothing  to  do  with  choosing  the 
limg  or  emperor ;  they  must  take  him  who  is  born  to  them,  whether  good 
or  bad.  If  a  king  or  emperor  is  ever  so  wicked  and  cruel,  the  people  have 
no  right  to  displace  him  and  choose  another. 

11.  But  in  a  republican  government  the  people  choose  their  president, 
and  the  other  persons  whom  they  wish  to  put  into  the  various  offices  of 
government.  Here  is  a  picture  of  men  voting  for,  or  choosing  their  public 
^/Ulcers* 


12.  The  president  is  placed  at  the  head  of  the  nation.  A  number  of  men 
are  chosen  to  make  laws.  They  are  called  the  Congress.  Judges  are 
appointed  to  see  that  people  are  just  to  each  other,  and  to  inflict  punishment 
upon  criminals. 

13.  Now  if  the  president,  the  members  of  congress,  the  judges,  or  any 
other  persons  in  office,  do  wrong,  the  people  will  vote  for  them  no  more, 
but  will  choose  others  to  fill  their  places.  This  mode  of  government  is  the 
safest,  and  our  experience  has  found  it  to  be  the  best.  There  is  no  coun- 
try so  happy  in  all  respects  as  our  own: 

14.  The  principal  free  governments  in  the  world,  are  those  of  the 
United  States,  Mexico,  Colombia,  Peru,  Chili,  Bolivia,  and  the  United  Pro- 
vinces. All  these,  except  the  United  States,  have  recently  adopted  republi- 
can governments ;  and  they  have  yet  derived  but  little  advantage  from 
their  free  institutions. 

15.  Switzerland  is  the  only  country  whose  government  is  of  a  republican 
■character  in  Europe, 


vernment. 
lican.  Ill 
Dosing  the 
ither  good 
!ople  have 

president, 
offices  of 
leir  piibhc 


►erofmen 
ndges  are 
mishment 

IS,  or  any 
no  more, 
ent  is  the 
no  coun- 

le  of  the 
lited  Pro- 
l  repiihli- 
ige  from 

^publican 


3. 
4. 


5. 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 

^tXicstiofis 

1.  Do  children  need  governing?    For  what  purpose i 

'i.  Have  all  nations  fouiu    t  necps^ar^/  tr,  a,i^  ♦ 

What  would  hapi^n  ,o  tl^^lnSiVat'^^^^^^^^^^ 
Hmv  may  govenmients  be  divided  ?  ^  "^  ' 

>V  hat  IS  a  despotic  government? 
*>liat  does  an  emperor  do? 
What  do  emperors  live  in? 

»  ...-I,  the  oldest  „„d,„„„|„„^, 

"  .a  ,s  „  country  g„/„r„e^  £,"„  ki"J?alled?^      ' 

Wi        ,"  "r"  8*criment  lias  Gr,-a  Britain? 
H  ha  o  her  k,„,„I„„„  are  there  ,„  £r"T 

"hat  other  Qonsjderablekiwdotns  arc  there  1 
'«.  What  governoS.fS^.yrSrd  S.,,e.,    ' 

^Vho  make  laws  ?  ^  °^  '^''  """'^^  ^"  ^''«  ^^"it*-'^  States  ? 

J':w!;;;[::;';i::f;i;:^^-«jjntor 

10.  What  is  throi  Iv  rA  ;   .1^^''''""'"'''"'' '" ''''^ '^^^^^  ^ 

nb  me  onjy  republican  government  in  Eurojje? 


109 


LESSON  FORTY-FOURTH. 

I     rp  .    .  RELIGION. 

r^'^ S^^T^^T^'^'^^'^j.r^^  -ring  the  creator 
hiin  are  very  various  amcrent,  and  their  modes  of  worshipping 

^  ^  ^^Z:,:'!^^'^^;::^  t™'  ^•"?'' "«'  """^ta..  think 

B.ng  to  he  ,„od,  ^-evo]e?tt:an.&;jror.rr^^^^^ 


110 


GEOGRAPHY  FOR  CHILDREN. 


I 


Others  believe  him  to  be  like  themselves,  a  being  of  a  mixed  character 
possessmg  both  good  and  evil  qualities.  cnaiacicr, 

3.  Here  is  a  picture  of  some  people  who  are  kneelinff  to  the  sun  anrl 
^me  who  are  worshipping  the  figure  of  an  ox,  calM  an  idol  S 
people  are  called  pagans  or  heathens.  Pagans  and  heathens  worS 
fire,  and  various  ammals,  and  a  multitude  of  images  and  idX  Thev  be^ 
Ueve  certain  rivers,  trees,  and  n^ountains,  to  be  sacred,  and  TShip  hem 


5.  The  Hindoos  are  pagans.  They  drown  their  younff  children  in  thp 
rivers,  thmkmg  thereby  to  please  their  God.  They  sometimes  have  hem- 
^Ives  buried  alive,  and  widows  are  often  burnt  to  death  in  tLTahii^^^^ 
U^at  they  please  heaven.  They  tear  their  flesh  with  hooks;  they  stand  fo? 
S-  God?  positions,  and  do  many  cruel  things  to  obtain  the  favour 

in^hJJ'lf  ^^'''  ^"^  heathens  of  other  countries  are  not  much  less  absurd 
ILil    r  fu*^'.''"^  ceremonies  and  opinions.    The  naiives  of  North  America 

parts  iiet^l^ri  "^.^^T'  ""^  '^^  ^^^^  ^"  '^'  «^"thern  and  wes  em 
FdH^  inhabitants  of  Madagascar,  New-Holland,  and  some  of  the  Asiatic 
Islands,  and  some  of  the  tribes  in  the  north  of  Asia,  are  pagans 

world  WL^W  *^^^*^«^^r  ^'^'^  «f  pagans  or  heaihens  in  the 
^r  d-eh?dcd  pe'ple^ '""'"'  ''^"^  ''  ''  ''  ^^^"^  ^^^^  ^^^^^'  ^^^  ^  ^^^r 

The  I^'.l^^i^^T  ^'T'T  ?T'  '^'""'•^  throughout  Europe  and  Asia. 
1  tie  Jews  are  the  descendants  of  the  ancient  Israelites,  those  who  put  Christ 
"toc^eAC^.  -  ^       yr 


^'i:^^||^ 


